JAVA多线程之中断机制stop()、interrupted()、isInterrupted()
一,介绍
本文记录JAVA多线程中的中断机制的一些知识点。主要是stop方法、interrupted()与isInterrupted()方法的区别,并从源代码的实现上进行简单分析。
JAVA中有3种方式可以终止正在运行的线程
①线程正常退出,即run()方法执行完毕了
②使用Thread类中的stop()方法强行终止线程。但stop()方法已经过期了,不推荐使用
③使用中断机制
线程正常退出没有什么东东,中断机制下面详细介绍,先看下stop()方法的源代码,关键是源代码上的注释。它解释了为什么stop()不安全,stop()方法停止的是哪个线程?
/**
*Forcesthethreadtostopexecuting.
*<p>
*Ifthereisasecuritymanagerinstalled,its<code>checkAccess</code>
*methodiscalledwith<code>this</code>
*asitsargument.Thismayresultina
*<code>SecurityException</code>beingraised(inthecurrentthread).
*<p>
*Ifthisthreadisdifferentfromthecurrentthread(thatis,thecurrent
*threadistryingtostopathreadotherthanitself),the
*securitymanager's<code>checkPermission</code>method(witha
*<code>RuntimePermission("stopThread")</code>argument)iscalledin
*addition.
*Again,thismayresultinthrowinga
*<code>SecurityException</code>(inthecurrentthread).
*<p>
*Thethreadrepresentedbythisthreadisforcedtostopwhatever
*itisdoingabnormallyandtothrowanewlycreated
*<code>ThreadDeath</code>objectasanexception.
*<p>
*Itispermittedtostopathreadthathasnotyetbeenstarted.
*Ifthethreadiseventuallystarted,itimmediatelyterminates.
*<p>
*Anapplicationshouldnotnormallytrytocatch
*<code>ThreadDeath</code>unlessitmustdosomeextraordinary
*cleanupoperation(notethatthethrowingof
*<code>ThreadDeath</code>causes<code>finally</code>clausesof
*<code>try</code>statementstobeexecutedbeforethethread
*officiallydies).Ifa<code>catch</code>clausecatchesa
*<code>ThreadDeath</code>object,itisimportanttorethrowthe
*objectsothatthethreadactuallydies.
*<p>
*Thetop-levelerrorhandlerthatreactstootherwiseuncaught
*exceptionsdoesnotprintoutamessageorotherwisenotifythe
*applicationiftheuncaughtexceptionisaninstanceof
*<code>ThreadDeath</code>.
*
*@exceptionSecurityExceptionifthecurrentthreadcannot
*modifythisthread.
*@see#interrupt()
*@see#checkAccess()
*@see#run()
*@see#start()
*@seeThreadDeath
*@seeThreadGroup#uncaughtException(Thread,Throwable)
*@seeSecurityManager#checkAccess(Thread)
*@seeSecurityManager#checkPermission
*@deprecatedThismethodisinherentlyunsafe.Stoppingathreadwith
*Thread.stopcausesittounlockallofthemonitorsthatit
*haslocked(asanaturalconsequenceoftheunchecked
*<code>ThreadDeath</code>exceptionpropagatingupthestack).If
*anyoftheobjectspreviouslyprotectedbythesemonitorswerein
*aninconsistentstate,thedamagedobjectsbecomevisibleto
*otherthreads,potentiallyresultinginarbitrarybehavior.Many
*usesof<code>stop</code>shouldbereplacedbycodethatsimply
*modifiessomevariabletoindicatethatthetargetthreadshould
*stoprunning.Thetargetthreadshouldcheckthisvariable
*regularly,andreturnfromitsrunmethodinanorderlyfashion
*ifthevariableindicatesthatitistostoprunning.Ifthe
*targetthreadwaitsforlongperiods(onaconditionvariable,
*forexample),the<code>interrupt</code>methodshouldbeusedto
*interruptthewait.
*Formoreinformation,see
*<ahref="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/concurrency/threadPrimitiveDeprecation.html">Why
*areThread.stop,Thread.suspendandThread.resumeDeprecated?</a>.
*/
@Deprecated
publicfinalvoidstop(){
stop(newThreadDeath());
}
上面注释,第9行到第16行表明,stop()方法可以停止“其他线程”。执行thread.stop()方法这条语句的线程称为当前线程,而“其他线程”则是调用thread.stop()方法的对象thread所代表的线程。
如:
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
MyThreadthread=newMyThread...
//.....
thread.stop();
//....
}
在main方法中,当前线程就是main线程。它执行到第4行,想把“其他线程”thread“给停止。这个其他线程就是MyThread类new的thread对象所表示的线程。
第21行至23行表明,可以停止一个尚未started(启动)的线程。它的效果是:当该线程启动后,就立马结束了。
第48行以后的注释,则深刻表明了为什么stop()方法被弃用!为什么它是不安全的。
比如说,threadA线程拥有了监视器,这些监视器负责保护某些临界资源,比如说银行的转账的金额。当正在转账过程中,main线程调用threadA.stop()方法。结果导致监视器被释放,其保护的资源(转账金额)很可能出现不一致性。比如,A账户减少了100,而B账户却没有增加100
二,中断机制
JAVA中如何正确地使用中断机制的细节太多了。interrupted()方法与isInterrupted()方法都是反映当前线程的是否处于中断状态的。
①interrupted()
/**
*Testswhetherthecurrentthreadhasbeeninterrupted.The
*<i>interruptedstatus</i>ofthethreadisclearedbythismethod.In
*otherwords,ifthismethodweretobecalledtwiceinsuccession,the
*secondcallwouldreturnfalse(unlessthecurrentthreadwere
*interruptedagain,afterthefirstcallhadcleareditsinterrupted
*statusandbeforethesecondcallhadexaminedit).
*
*<p>Athreadinterruptionignoredbecauseathreadwasnotalive
*atthetimeoftheinterruptwillbereflectedbythismethod
*returningfalse.
*
*@return<code>true</code>ifthecurrentthreadhasbeeninterrupted;
*<code>false</code>otherwise.
*@see#isInterrupted()
*@revised.
*/
publicstaticbooleaninterrupted(){
returncurrentThread().isInterrupted(true);
}
从源码的注释中看出,它测试的是当前线程(currentthread)的中断状态,且这个方法会清除中断状态。
②isInterrupted()
/**
*Testswhetherthisthreadhasbeeninterrupted.The<i>interrupted
*status</i>ofthethreadisunaffectedbythismethod.
*
*<p>Athreadinterruptionignoredbecauseathreadwasnotalive
*atthetimeoftheinterruptwillbereflectedbythismethod
*returningfalse.
*
*@return<code>true</code>ifthisthreadhasbeeninterrupted;
*<code>false</code>otherwise.
*@see#interrupted()
*@revised.
*/
publicbooleanisInterrupted(){
returnisInterrupted(false);
}
从源码注释中可以看出,isInterrupted()方法不会清除中断状态。
③interrupted()方法与isInterrupted()方法的区别
从源代码可以看出,这两个方法都是调用的isInterrupted(booleanClearInterrupted),只不过一个带的参数是true,另一个带的参数是false。
/** *TestsifsomeThreadhasbeeninterrupted.Theinterruptedstate *isresetornotbasedonthevalueofClearInterruptedthatis *passed. */ privatenativebooleanisInterrupted(booleanClearInterrupted);
因此,第一个区别就是,一个会清除中断标识位,另一个不会清除中断标识位。
再分析源码,就可以看出第二个区别在return语句上:
publicstaticbooleaninterrupted(){
returncurrentThread().isInterrupted(true);
}
/************************/
publicbooleanisInterrupted(){
returnisInterrupted(false);
}
interrupted()测试的是当前的线程的中断状态。而isInterrupted()测试的是调用该方法的对象所表示的线程。一个是静态方法(它测试的是当前线程的中断状态),一个是实例方法(它测试的是实例对象所表示的线程的中断状态)。
下面用个具体的例子来更进一步地阐明这个区别。
有一个自定义的线程类如下:
publicclassMyThreadextendsThread{
@Override
publicvoidrun(){
super.run();
for(inti=;i<;i++){
System.out.println("i="+(i+));
}
}
}
先看interrupted()方法的示例:
publicclassRun{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
try{
MyThreadthread=newMyThread();
thread.start();
Thread.sleep();
thread.interrupt();
//Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
System.out.println("是否停止?="+thread.interrupted());//false
System.out.println("是否停止?="+thread.interrupted());//falsemain线程没有被中断!!!
//......
第5行启动thread线程,第6行使main线程睡眠1秒钟从而使得thread线程有机会获得CPU执行。
main线程睡眠1s钟后,恢复执行到第7行,请求中断thread线程。
第9行测试线程是否处于中断状态,这里测试的是哪个线程呢???答案是main线程。因为:
(1)interrupted()测试的是当前的线程的中断状态
(2)main线程执行了第9行语句,故main线程是当前线程
再看isInterrupted()方法的示例:
publicclassRun{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
try{
MyThreadthread=newMyThread();
thread.start();
Thread.sleep();
thread.interrupt();
System.out.println("是否停止?="+thread.isInterrupted());//true
在第8行,是thread对象调用的isInterrupted()方法。因此,测试的是thread对象所代表的线程的中断状态。由于在第7行,main线程请求中断thread线程,故在第8行的结果为:true