如何将CentOS7升级至CentOS8(详细步骤)
这篇文章以具体的示例来介绍一下从CentOS7升级值CentOS8的方法。
事前准备
最小化安装CentOS7，具体版本如下所示：7.6.1810
[root@liumiao~]#uname-a Linuxdevops3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64#1SMPThuNov823:39:32UTC2018x86_64x86_64x86_64GNU/Linux [root@liumiao~]#cat/etc/redhat-release CentOSLinuxrelease7.6.1810(Core) [root@liumiao~]#
步骤1:安装epel-relase、yum-utils和rpmconf
执行命令：yuminstallyum-utilsepel-release-y
执行日志如下所示：
...省略 ======================================================================================================================================== PackageArchVersionRepositorySize ======================================================================================================================================== Installing: epel-releasenoarch7-11extras15k yum-utilsnoarch1.1.31-52.el7base121k Installingfordependencies: libxml2-pythonx86_642.9.1-6.el7_2.3base247k python-chardetnoarch2.2.1-3.el7base227k python-kitchennoarch1.1.1-5.el7base267k TransactionSummary ======================================================================================================================================== Install2Packages(+3Dependentpackages) ...省略
安装命令：yuminstallrpmconf-y
安装日志如下所示：
[root@liumiao~]#yuminstallrpmconf-y ...省略 ======================================================================================================================================== PackageArchVersionRepositorySize ======================================================================================================================================== Installing: rpmconfnoarch0.3.4-1.el7epel21k TransactionSummary ======================================================================================================================================== Install1Package ...省略 Complete!
[root@liumiao~]#
步骤2:安装前检查
检查配置：rpmconf-a
执行日志如下所示，如有选择直接使用缺省设定。
[root@liumiao~]#rpmconf-a [root@liumiao~]#
检查叶节点：列出和其他RPM没有依赖的软件包
[root@liumiao~]#package-cleanup--leaves Loadedplugins:fastestmirror libsysfs-2.1.0-16.el7.x86_64 [root@liumiao~]#
检查不再提供的软件包：列出当前仓库中不提供升级的软件包信息
[root@liumiao~]#package-cleanup--orphans Loadedplugins:fastestmirror Loadingmirrorspeedsfromcachedhostfile *base:mirror.bit.edu.cn *epel:hkg.mirror.rackspace.com *extras:mirror.bit.edu.cn *updates:ap.stykers.moe GeoIP-1.5.0-13.el7.x86_64 ...省略 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch [root@liumiao~]#
步骤3:安装dnf并执行dnfupdate
CentOS8使用dnf作为缺省的包管理工具，使用yum安装自己的替代工具dnf并删除自己。
安装命令：yuminstalldnf-y
执行日志如下所示：
[root@liumiao~]#yuminstalldnf-y ...省略 ======================================================================================================================================== PackageArchVersionRepositorySize ======================================================================================================================================== Installing: dnfnoarch4.0.9.2-1.el7_6extras357k Installingfordependencies: deltarpmx86_643.6-3.el7base82k dnf-datanoarch4.0.9.2-1.el7_6extras51k libcompsx86_640.1.8-12.el7extras75k libdnfx86_640.22.5-1.el7_6extras533k libmodulemdx86_641.6.3-1.el7extras141k librepox86_641.8.1-7.el7base81k libreport-filesystemx86_642.1.11-43.el7.centosbase40k libsolvx86_640.6.34-4.el7base329k libyamlx86_640.1.4-11.el7_0base55k python-enum34noarch1.0.4-1.el7base52k python2-dnfnoarch4.0.9.2-1.el7_6extras414k python2-hawkeyx86_640.22.5-1.el7_6extras68k python2-libcompsx86_640.1.8-12.el7extras47k python2-libdnfx86_640.22.5-1.el7_6extras608k TransactionSummary ======================================================================================================================================== Install1Package(+14Dependentpackages) ...省略 [root@liumiao~]#
清除yum：dnf-yremoveyumyum-metadata-parser&&rm-rf/etc/yum
执行日志如下所示：
[root@liumiao~]#dnf-yremoveyumyum-metadata-parser Dependenciesresolved. ======================================================================================================================================== PackageArchVersionRepositorySize ======================================================================================================================================== Removing: yumnoarch3.4.3-161.el7.centos@System5.6M yum-metadata-parserx86_641.1.4-10.el7@System57k Removingdependentpackages: yum-plugin-fastestmirrornoarch1.1.31-50.el7@System53k yum-utilsnoarch1.1.31-52.el7@System337k TransactionSummary ======================================================================================================================================== Remove4Packages Freedspace:6.0M Runningtransactioncheck Transactionchecksucceeded. Runningtransactiontest Transactiontestsucceeded. Runningtransaction Preparing:1/1 Erasing:yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch1/4 Erasing:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch2/4 Erasing:yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch3/4 Erasing:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_644/4 Verifying:yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch1/4 Verifying:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_642/4 Verifying:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch3/4 Verifying:yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch4/4 Removed: yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarchyum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch Complete! [root@liumiao~]#ls/etc/yum pluginconf.dprotected.dvars [root@liumiao~]#rm-rf/etc/yum [root@liumiao~]#
就像使用yumupdate那样使用dnfupdate进行更新。
[root@liumiao~]#dnfupgrade ExtraPackagesforEnterpriseLinux7-x86_645.6MB/s|16MB00:02 CentOS-7-Base3.5MB/s|10MB00:02 CentOS-7-Updates2.9MB/s|5.4MB00:01 CentOS-7-Extras40kB/s|251kB00:06 ...省略 ======================================================================================================================================== PackageArchVersionRepositorySize ======================================================================================================================================== Upgrading: epel-releasenoarch7-12epel15k ...省略 tzdatanoarch2019c-1.el7updates493k Installingdependencies: bind-export-libsx86_6432:9.11.4-9.P2.el7base1.1M geoipupdatex86_642.5.0-1.el7base35k kernelx86_643.10.0-1062.4.3.el7updates50M TransactionSummary ======================================================================================================================================== Install3Packages Upgrade164Packages Totaldownloadsize:259M Isthisok[y/N]:y DownloadingPackages: ...省略 Installed: bind-export-libs-32:9.11.4-9.P2.el7.x86_64geoipupdate-2.5.0-1.el7.x86_64kernel-3.10.0-1062.4.3.el7.x86_64 Complete! [root@liumiao~]#
使用dnf更新CentOS8的包
执行日志如下所示：
[root@liumiao~]#dnf-yupgradehttp://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_64.rpm ExtraPackagesforEnterpriseLinux7-x86_644.3MB/s|16MB00:03 Lastmetadataexpirationcheck:0:00:01agoonWed20Nov201907:58:07AMEST. centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_64.rpm13kB/s|26kB00:01 Dependenciesresolved. ======================================================================================================================================== PackageArchVersionRepositorySize ======================================================================================================================================== Upgrading: centos-releasex86_648.0-0.1905.0.9.el8@commandline26k TransactionSummary ======================================================================================================================================== Upgrade1Package Totalsize:26k DownloadingPackages: Runningtransactioncheck Transactionchecksucceeded. Runningtransactiontest Transactiontestsucceeded. Runningtransaction Preparing:1/1 Upgrading:centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_641/2 Cleanup:centos-release-7-7.1908.0.el7.centos.x86_642/2 Verifying:centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_641/2 Verifying:centos-release-7-7.1908.0.el7.centos.x86_642/2 Upgraded: centos-release-8.0-0.1905.0.9.el8.x86_64 Complete! [root@liumiao~]#
更新epel仓库
执行日志如下所示：
[root@liumiao~]#dnf-yupgradehttps://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm ExtraPackagesforEnterpriseLinux7-x86_64578kB/s|16MB00:28 CentOS-8-Base635kB/s|7.9MB00:12 CentOS-8-Extras1.7kB/s|2.1kB00:01 CentOS-8-AppStream1.3MB/s|6.3MB00:04 epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm7.7kB/s|21kB00:02 Dependenciesresolved. ======================================================================================================================================== PackageArchVersionRepositorySize ======================================================================================================================================== Upgrading: epel-releasenoarch8-7.el8@commandline21k TransactionSummary ======================================================================================================================================== Upgrade1Package Totalsize:21k DownloadingPackages: Runningtransactioncheck Transactionchecksucceeded. Runningtransactiontest Transactiontestsucceeded. Runningtransaction Preparing:1/1 Upgrading:epel-release-8-7.el8.noarch1/2 Cleanup:epel-release-7-12.noarch2/2 Verifying:epel-release-8-7.el8.noarch1/2 Verifying:epel-release-7-12.noarch2/2 Upgraded: epel-release-8-7.el8.noarch Complete! [root@liumiao~]#
此时确认版本信息，已经发生了变化
[root@liumiao~]#cat/etc/redhat-release CentOSLinuxrelease8.0.1905(Core) [root@liumiao~]#
步骤4:删除无用文件和CentOS7的内核并安装CentOS8的内核
删除无用的临时文件：dnfcleanall
执行日志如下所示：
[root@liumiao~]#dnfcleanall 62filesremoved [root@liumiao~]#
删除CentOS7的旧核:rpm-e`rpm-qkernel`
执行日志如下所示：
[root@liumiao~]#rpm-e`rpm-qkernel` [root@liumiao~]#
确认删除冲突的包
[root@liumiao~]#rpm-e--nodepssysvinit-tools [root@liumiao~]#
更新CentOS8系统
[root@liumiao~]#dnf-y--releasever=8--allowerasing--setopt=deltarpm=falsedistro-sync ExtraPackagesforEnterpriseLinux8-x86_642.0MB/s|3.5MB00:01 CentOS-8-Base160kB/s|7.9MB00:50 CentOS-8-AppStream1.6MB/s|6.3MB00:03 CentOS-8-Extras950B/s|2.1kB00:02 Lastmetadataexpirationcheck:0:00:02agoonWed20Nov201908:09:51AMEST. Dependenciesresolved. ======================================================================================================================================== PackageArchVersionRepositorySize ======================================================================================================================================== Upgrading: rpmconfnoarch1.0.20-1.el8epel26k ...省略 Removed: deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64libselinux-python-2.5-14.1.el7.x86_64libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64 newt-python-0.52.15-4.el7.x86_64python-2.7.5-86.el7.x86_64python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch python-firewall-0.6.3-2.el7_7.2.noarchpython-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarchpython-libs-2.7.5-86.el7.x86_64 python-linux-procfs-0.4.11-4.el7.noarchpython-schedutils-0.4-6.el7.x86_64python-slip-0.4.0-4.el7.noarch python-slip-dbus-0.4.0-4.el7.noarchpython-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7.noarchpython2-dnf-4.0.9.2-1.el7_6.noarch python2-hawkey-0.22.5-1.el7_6.x86_64python2-libcomps-0.1.8-12.el7.x86_64python2-libdnf-0.22.5-1.el7_6.x86_64 pyxattr-0.5.1-5.el7.x86_64rpm-python-4.11.3-40.el7.x86_64systemd-sysv-219-67.el7_7.2.x86_64 Complete! [root@liumiao~]#
此时通过uname-a确认内核状态，仍是3.10.
[root@liumiao~]#uname-a Linuxdevops3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64#1SMPThuNov823:39:32UTC2018x86_64x86_64x86_64GNU/Linux [root@liumiao~]#cat/etc/redhat-release CentOSLinuxrelease8.0.1905(Core) [root@liumiao~]#
由于前文已经更新，此时如执行dnf-yinstallkernel-core会提示alreadyupdated，接下来更新一下CentOS8的最小化安装的相关package，执行如下命令即可：
[root@liumiao~]#dnf-ygroupupdate"Core""MinimalInstall" Lastmetadataexpirationcheck:0:13:34agoonWed20Nov201908:09:51AMEST. Dependenciesresolved. ======================================================================================================================================== PackageArchVersionRepositorySize ======================================================================================================================================== Installinggroup/modulepackages: dnf-plugin-spacewalknoarch2.8.5-11.module_el8.0.0+180+337688dcAppStream24k dnf-plugins-corenoarch4.0.2.2-3.el8BaseOS59k ...省略 [root@liumiao~]#
步骤5:重启系统
重启之后即可确认内核和版本文件信息均已升至最新
[root@liumiao~]#uname-a Linuxdevops4.18.0-80.11.2.el8_0.x86_64#1SMPTueSep2411:32:19UTC2019x86_64x86_64x86_64GNU/Linux [root@liumiao~]#cat/etc/redhat-release CentOSLinuxrelease8.0.1905(Core) [root@liumiao~]#
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持毛票票。
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