执行Lua程序

2024-04-12 09:21:03 506

示例

通常，Lua带有两个二进制文件：

lua-独立的解释器和交互式外壳

luac-字节码编译器

假设我们有一个示例程序（bottles_of_mate.lua），如下所示：

local string = require "string"    

function bottle_take(bottles_available)

    local count_str = "%d bottles of mate on the wall."
    local take_str = "Take one down, pass it around, " .. count_str
    local end_str = "Oh noes, " .. count_str
    local buy_str = "Get some from the store, " .. count_str
    local bottles_left = 0

    if bottles_available > 0 then
         print(string.format(count_str, bottles_available))
         bottles_left = bottles_available - 1
         print(string.format(take_str, bottles_left))
    else
        print(string.format(end_str, bottles_available))
        bottles_left = 99
        print(string.format(buy_str, bottles_left))
    end

    return bottles_left
end

local bottle_count = 99

while true do
    bottle_count = bottle_take(bottle_count)
end

可以通过在Shell上执行以下命令来运行程序本身：

$ lua bottles_of_mate.lua

输出应如下所示，在无限循环中运行：

Get some from the store, 99 bottles of mate on the wall.
99 bottles of mate on the wall.
Take one down, pass it around, 98 bottles of mate on the wall.
98 bottles of mate on the wall.
Take one down, pass it around, 97 bottles of mate on the wall.
97 bottles of mate on the wall.
...
...
3 bottles of mate on the wall.
Take one down, pass it around, 2 bottles of mate on the wall.
2 bottles of mate on the wall.
Take one down, pass it around, 1 bottles of mate on the wall.
1 bottles of mate on the wall.
Take one down, pass it around, 0 bottles of mate on the wall.
Oh noes, 0 bottles of mate on the wall.
Get some from the store, 99 bottles of mate on the wall.
99 bottles of mate on the wall.
Take one down, pass it around, 98 bottles of mate on the wall.
...

您可以通过在Shell上执行以下命令，将程序编译为Lua的字节码：

$ luac bottles_of_mate.lua -o bottles_of_mate.luac

还可以通过执行以下命令来列出字节码：

$ luac -l bottles_of_mate.lua


main <./bottles.lua:0,0> (13 instructions, 52 bytes at 0x101d530)
0+ params, 4 slots, 0 upvalues, 2 locals, 4 constants, 1 function
    1    [1]    GETGLOBAL    0 -1    ; require
    2    [1]    LOADK        1 -2    ; "string"
    3    [1]    CALL         0 2 2
    4    [22]    CLOSURE      1 0    ; 0x101d710
    5    [22]    MOVE         0 0
    6    [3]    SETGLOBAL    1 -3    ; bottle_take
    7    [24]    LOADK        1 -4    ; 99
    8    [27]    GETGLOBAL    2 -3    ; bottle_take
    9    [27]    MOVE         3 1
    10    [27]    CALL         2 2 2
    11    [27]    MOVE         1 2
    12    [27]    JMP          -5    ; to 8
    13    [28]    RETURN       0 1

function <./bottles.lua:3,22> (46 instructions, 184 bytes at 0x101d710)
1 param, 10 slots, 1 upvalue, 6 locals, 9 constants, 0 functions
    1    [5]    LOADK        1 -1    ; "%d bottles of mate on the wall."
    2    [6]    LOADK        2 -2    ; "Take one down, pass it around, "
    3    [6]    MOVE         3 1
    4    [6]    CONCAT       2 2 3
    5    [7]    LOADK        3 -3    ; "Oh noes, "
    6    [7]    MOVE         4 1
    7    [7]    CONCAT       3 3 4
    8    [8]    LOADK        4 -4    ; "Get some from the store, "
    9    [8]    MOVE         5 1
    10    [8]    CONCAT       4 4 5
    11    [9]    LOADK        5 -5    ; 0
    12    [11]    EQ           1 0 -5    ; - 0
    13    [11]    JMP          16    ; to 30
    14    [12]    GETGLOBAL    6 -6    ; print
    15    [12]    GETUPVAL     7 0    ; string
    16    [12]    GETTABLE     7 7 -7    ; "format"
    17    [12]    MOVE         8 1
    18    [12]    MOVE         9 0
    19    [12]    CALL         7 3 0
    20    [12]    CALL         6 0 1
    21    [13]    SUB          5 0 -8    ; - 1
    22    [14]    GETGLOBAL    6 -6    ; print
    23    [14]    GETUPVAL     7 0    ; string
    24    [14]    GETTABLE     7 7 -7    ; "format"
    25    [14]    MOVE         8 2
    26    [14]    MOVE         9 5
    27    [14]    CALL         7 3 0
    28    [14]    CALL         6 0 1
    29    [14]    JMP          15    ; to 45
    30    [16]    GETGLOBAL    6 -6    ; print
    31    [16]    GETUPVAL     7 0    ; string
    32    [16]    GETTABLE     7 7 -7    ; "format"
    33    [16]    MOVE         8 3
    34    [16]    MOVE         9 0
    35    [16]    CALL         7 3 0
    36    [16]    CALL         6 0 1
    37    [17]    LOADK        5 -9    ; 99
    38    [18]    GETGLOBAL    6 -6    ; print
    39    [18]    GETUPVAL     7 0    ; string
    40    [18]    GETTABLE     7 7 -7    ; "format"
    41    [18]    MOVE         8 4
    42    [18]    MOVE         9 5
    43    [18]    CALL         7 3 0
    44    [18]    CALL         6 0 1
    45    [21]    RETURN       5 2
    46    [22]    RETURN       0 1

执行Lua程序

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