C#程序中创建、复制、移动、删除文件或文件夹的示例
创建文件或文件夹
您可通过编程方式在您的计算机上创建文件夹、子文件夹和子文件夹中的文件，并将数据写入文件。
publicclassCreateFileOrFolder
{
staticvoidMain()
{
stringfolderName=@"c:\Top-LevelFolder";
stringpathString=System.IO.Path.Combine(folderName,"SubFolder");
stringpathString2=@"c:\Top-LevelFolder\SubFolder2";
System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(pathString);
stringfileName=System.IO.Path.GetRandomFileName();
pathString=System.IO.Path.Combine(pathString,fileName);
Console.WriteLine("Pathtomyfile:{0}\n",pathString);
if(!System.IO.File.Exists(pathString))
{
using(System.IO.FileStreamfs=System.IO.File.Create(pathString))
{
for(bytei=0;i<100;i++)
{
fs.WriteByte(i);
}
}
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("File\"{0}\"alreadyexists.",fileName);
return;
}
try
{
byte[]readBuffer=System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(pathString);
foreach(bytebinreadBuffer)
{
Console.Write(b+"");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
catch(System.IO.IOExceptione)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
System.Console.WriteLine("Pressanykeytoexit.");
System.Console.ReadKey();
}
}
输出：
Pathtomyfile:c:\Top-LevelFolder\SubFolder\ttxvauxe.vv0
01234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829 303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556 57585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828 384858687888990919293949596979899
如果该文件夹已存在，则CreateDirectory不执行任何操作，且不会引发异常。但是，File.Create用新的文件替换现有文件。该示例使用一个if-else语句阻止现有文件被替换。
通过在示例中做出以下更改，您可以根据具有某个名称的程序是否存在来指定不同的结果。如果该文件不存在，代码将创建一个文件。如果该文件存在，代码将把数据添加到该文件中。
指定一个非随机文件名。
//Commentoutthefollowingline. //stringfileName=System.IO.Path.GetRandomFileName(); //Replacethatlinewiththefollowingassignment. stringfileName="MyNewFile.txt";
用以下代码中的using语句替换if-else语句。
using(System.IO.FileStreamfs=newSystem.IO.FileStream(pathString,FileMode.Append))
{
for(bytei=0;i<100;i++)
{
fs.WriteByte(i);
}
}
运行该示例若干次以验证数据是否每次都添加到文件中。
复制、删除和移动文件和文件夹
以下示例说明如何使用System.IO命名空间中的System.IO.File、System.IO.Directory、System.IO.FileInfo和System.IO.DirectoryInfo类以同步方式复制、移动和删除文件和文件夹。这些示例没有提供进度栏或其他任何用户界面。
。
示例
下面的示例演示如何复制文件和目录。
publicclassSimpleFileCopy
{
staticvoidMain()
{
stringfileName="test.txt";
stringsourcePath=@"C:\Users\Public\TestFolder";
stringtargetPath=@"C:\Users\Public\TestFolder\SubDir";
//UsePathclasstomanipulatefileanddirectorypaths.
stringsourceFile=System.IO.Path.Combine(sourcePath,fileName);
stringdestFile=System.IO.Path.Combine(targetPath,fileName);
//Tocopyafolder'scontentstoanewlocation:
//Createanewtargetfolder,ifnecessary.
if(!System.IO.Directory.Exists(targetPath))
{
System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(targetPath);
}
//Tocopyafiletoanotherlocationand
//overwritethedestinationfileifitalreadyexists.
System.IO.File.Copy(sourceFile,destFile,true);
//Tocopyallthefilesinonedirectorytoanotherdirectory.
//Getthefilesinthesourcefolder.(Torecursivelyiteratethrough
//allsubfoldersunderthecurrentdirectory,see
//"Howto:IterateThroughaDirectoryTree.")
//Note:Checkfortargetpathwasperformedpreviously
//inthiscodeexample.
if(System.IO.Directory.Exists(sourcePath))
{
string[]files=System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(sourcePath);
//Copythefilesandoverwritedestinationfilesiftheyalreadyexist.
foreach(stringsinfiles)
{
//UsestaticPathmethodstoextractonlythefilenamefromthepath.
fileName=System.IO.Path.GetFileName(s);
destFile=System.IO.Path.Combine(targetPath,fileName);
System.IO.File.Copy(s,destFile,true);
}
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Sourcepathdoesnotexist!");
}
//Keepconsolewindowopenindebugmode.
Console.WriteLine("Pressanykeytoexit.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
下面的示例演示如何移动文件和目录。
publicclassSimpleFileMove
{
staticvoidMain()
{
stringsourceFile=@"C:\Users\Public\public\test.txt";
stringdestinationFile=@"C:\Users\Public\private\test.txt";
//Tomoveafileorfoldertoanewlocation:
System.IO.File.Move(sourceFile,destinationFile);
//Tomoveanentiredirectory.Toprogrammaticallymodifyorcombine
//pathstrings,usetheSystem.IO.Pathclass.
System.IO.Directory.Move(@"C:\Users\Public\public\test\",@"C:\Users\Public\private");
}
}
下面的示例演示如何删除文件和目录。
publicclassSimpleFileDelete
{
staticvoidMain()
{
//DeleteafilebyusingFileclassstaticmethod...
if(System.IO.File.Exists(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test.txt"))
{
//UseatryblocktocatchIOExceptions,to
//handlethecaseofthefilealreadybeing
//openedbyanotherprocess.
try
{
System.IO.File.Delete(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test.txt");
}
catch(System.IO.IOExceptione)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
return;
}
}
//...orbyusingFileInfoinstancemethod.
System.IO.FileInfofi=newSystem.IO.FileInfo(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test2.txt");
try
{
fi.Delete();
}
catch(System.IO.IOExceptione)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
//Deleteadirectory.Mustbewritableorempty.
try
{
System.IO.Directory.Delete(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest");
}
catch(System.IO.IOExceptione)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
//DeleteadirectoryandallsubdirectorieswithDirectorystaticmethod...
if(System.IO.Directory.Exists(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest"))
{
try
{
System.IO.Directory.Delete(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest",true);
}
catch(System.IO.IOExceptione)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
}
//...orwithDirectoryInfoinstancemethod.
System.IO.DirectoryInfodi=newSystem.IO.DirectoryInfo(@"C:\Users\Public\public");
//Deletethisdirandallsubdirs.
try
{
di.Delete(true);
}
catch(System.IO.IOExceptione)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
}
}