Spring循环依赖正确性及Bean注入的顺序关系详解
一、前言
我们知道Spring可以是懒加载的,就是当真正使用到Bean的时候才实例化Bean。当然也不全是这样,例如配置Bean的lazy-init属性,可以控制Spring的加载时机。现在机器的性能、内存等都比较高,基本上也不使用懒加载,在容器启动时候来加载bean,启动时间稍微长一点儿,这样在实际获取bean供业务使用时,就可以减轻不少负担,这个后面再做分析。我们使用到Bean的时候,最直接的方式就是从Factroy中获取,这个就是加载Bean实例的源头。
最近在做项目时候遇到一个奇葩问题,就是bean依赖注入的正确性与bean直接注入的顺序有关系,但是正常情况下明明是和顺序没关系的啊,究竟啥情况那,不急,让我一一道来。
二、普通Bean循环依赖-与注入顺序无关
2.1循环依赖例子与原理
publicclassBeanA{
privateBeanBbeanB;
publicBeanBgetBeanB(){
returnbeanB;
}
publicvoidsetBeanB(BeanBbeanB){
this.beanB=beanB;
}
}
publicclassBeanB{
privateBeanAbeanA;
publicBeanAgetBeanA(){
returnbeanA;
}
publicvoidsetBeanA(BeanAbeanA){
this.beanA=beanA;
}
}
上述循环依赖注入能够正常工作,这是因为Spring提供了EarlyBeanReference功能,首先Spring里面有个名字为singletonObjects的并发map用来存放所有实例化并且初始化好的bean,singletonFactories则用来存放需要解决循环依赖的bean信息(beanName,和一个回调工厂)。当实例化beanA时候会触发getBean(“beanA”);首先看singletonObjects中是否有beanA有则返回:
(1)
ObjectsharedInstance=getSingleton(beanName);//getSingleton(beanName,true);
if(sharedInstance!=null&&args==null){
if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
if(isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)){
logger.debug("Returningeagerlycachedinstanceofsingletonbean'"+beanName+
"'thatisnotfullyinitializedyet-aconsequenceofacircularreference");
}
else{
logger.debug("Returningcachedinstanceofsingletonbean'"+beanName+"'");
}
}
//如果是普通bean直接返回,工厂bean则返回sharedInstance.getObject();
bean=getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance,name,beanName,null);
}
protectedObjectgetSingleton(StringbeanName,booleanallowEarlyReference){
ObjectsingletonObject=this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if(singletonObject==null){
synchronized(this.singletonObjects){
singletonObject=this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
if(singletonObject==null&&allowEarlyReference){
ObjectFactorysingletonFactory=(ObjectFactory)this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
if(singletonFactory!=null){
singletonObject=singletonFactory.getObject();
this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName,singletonObject);
this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
}
}
}
}
return(singletonObject!=NULL_OBJECT?singletonObject:null);
}
一开始肯定没有所以会实例化beanA,如果设置了allowCircularReferences=true(默认为true)并且当前bean为单件并且该bean目前在创建中,则初始化属性前把该bean信息放入singletonFactories单件map里面:
(2)
booleanearlySingletonExposure=(mbd.isSingleton()&&this.allowCircularReferences&& isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if(earlySingletonExposure){
if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
logger.debug("Eagerlycachingbean'"+beanName+
"'toallowforresolvingpotentialcircularreferences");
}
addSingletonFactory(beanName,newObjectFactory(){
publicObjectgetObject()throwsBeansException{
returngetEarlyBeanReference(beanName,mbd,bean);
}
});
}
protectedvoidaddSingletonFactory(StringbeanName,ObjectFactorysingletonFactory){
Assert.notNull(singletonFactory,"Singletonfactorymustnotbenull");
synchronized(this.singletonObjects){
if(!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)){
this.singletonFactories.put(beanName,singletonFactory);
this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
}
}
}
然后对该实例进行属性注入beanB,属性注入时候会getBean(“beanB”),发现beanB不在singletonObjects中,就会实例化beanB,然后放入singletonFactories,然后进行属性注入beanA,然后触发getBean(“beanA”);这时候会到(1)getSingleton返回实例化的beanA。到此beanB初始化完毕添加beanB到singletonObjects然后返回,然后beanA初始化完毕,添加beanA到singletonObjects然后返回
2.2允许循环依赖的开关
publicclassTestCircle2{
privatefinalstaticClassPathXmlApplicationContextmoduleContext;
privatestaticTesttest;
static{
moduleContext=newClassPathXmlApplicationContext(newString[]{"beans-circile.xml"});
moduleContext.setAllowCircularReferences(false);
test=(Test)moduleContext.getBean("test");
}
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
System.out.println(test.name);
}
}
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext类中有个属性allowCircularReferences用来控制是否允许循环依赖默认为true,这里设置为false后发现循环依赖还是可以正常运行,翻看源码:
publicClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[]configLocations)throwsBeansException{
this(configLocations,true,null);
}
publicClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[]configLocations,booleanrefresh,ApplicationContextparent)
throwsBeansException{
super(parent);
setConfigLocations(configLocations);
if(refresh){
refresh();
}
}
publicClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[]configLocations,booleanrefresh,ApplicationContextparent)
throwsBeansException{
super(parent);
setConfigLocations(configLocations);
if(refresh){
refresh();
}
}
知道默认构造ClassPathXmlApplicationContext时候会刷新容器。
refresh方法会调用refreshBeanFactory:
protectedfinalvoidrefreshBeanFactory()throwsBeansException{
if(hasBeanFactory()){
destroyBeans();
closeBeanFactory();
}
try{
//创建bean工厂
DefaultListableBeanFactorybeanFactory=createBeanFactory();
//定制bean工厂属性
customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
synchronized(this.beanFactoryMonitor){
this.beanFactory=beanFactory;
}
}
catch(IOExceptionex){
thrownewApplicationContextException(
"I/OerrorparsingXMLdocumentforapplicationcontext["+getDisplayName()+"]",ex);
}
}
protectedvoidcustomizeBeanFactory(DefaultListableBeanFactorybeanFactory){
if(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding!=null){
beanFactory.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding.booleanValue());
}
if(this.allowCircularReferences!=null){
beanFactory.setAllowCircularReferences(this.allowCircularReferences.booleanValue());
}
}
到这里就知道了,我们在调用moduleContext.setAllowCircularReferences(false)前,spring留出的设置bean工厂的回调customizeBeanFactory已经执行过了,最终原因是,调用设置前,bean工厂已经refresh了,所以测试代码改为:
publicclassTestCircle{
privatefinalstaticClassPathXmlApplicationContextmoduleContext;
privatestaticTesttest;
static{
//初始化容器上下文,但是不刷新容器
moduleContext=newClassPathXmlApplicationContext(newString[]{"beans-circile.xml"},false);
moduleContext.setAllowCircularReferences(false);
//刷新容器
moduleContext.refresh();
test=(Test)moduleContext.getBean("test");
}
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
System.out.println(test.name);
}
}
现在测试就会抛出异常:
Causedby:org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:Errorcreatingbeanwithname'beanA'definedinclasspathresource[beans-circile.xml]:Cannotresolvereferencetobean'beanB'whilesettingbeanproperty'beanB';nestedexceptionisorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:Errorcreatingbeanwithname'beanB'definedinclasspathresource[beans-circile.xml]:Cannotresolvereferencetobean'beanA'whilesettingbeanproperty'beanA';nestedexceptionisorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:Errorcreatingbeanwithname'beanA':Requestedbeaniscurrentlyincreation:Isthereanunresolvablecircularreference?
三、工厂Bean与普通Bean循环依赖-与注入顺序有关
3.1测试代码
工厂bean
publicclassMyFactoryBeanimplementsFactoryBean,InitializingBean{
privateStringname;
privateTesttest;
publicStringgetName(){
returnname;
}
publicvoidsetName(Stringname){
this.name=name;
}
publicDependentBeangetDepentBean(){
returndepentBean;
}
publicvoidsetDepentBean(DependentBeandepentBean){
this.depentBean=depentBean;
}
privateDependentBeandepentBean;
publicObjectgetObject()throwsException{
returntest;
}
publicClassgetObjectType(){
//TODOAuto-generatedmethodstub
returnTest.class;
}
publicbooleanisSingleton(){
//TODOAuto-generatedmethodstub
returntrue;
}
publicvoidafterPropertiesSet()throwsException{
System.out.println("name:"+this.name);
test=newTest();
test.name=depentBean.doSomething()+this.name;
}
}
为了简化,只写一个public的变量
publicclassTest{
publicStringname;
}
publicclassDependentBean{
publicStringdoSomething(){
return"hello:";
}
@Autowired
privateTesttest;
}
xml配置
其中工厂BeanMyFactoryBean作用是对Test类的包装,首先对MyFactoryBean设置属性,然后在MyFactoryBean的afterPropertiesSet方法中创建一个Test实例,并且设置属性,实例化MyFactoryBean最终会调用getObject方法返回创建的Test对象。这里MyFactoryBean依赖了DepentBean,而depentBean本身有依赖了Test,所以这是个循环依赖
测试:
publicclassTestCircle2{
privatefinalstaticClassPathXmlApplicationContextmoduleContext;
privatestaticTesttest;
static{
moduleContext=newClassPathXmlApplicationContext(newString[]{"beans-circile.xml"});
test=(Test)moduleContext.getBean("test");
}
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
System.out.println(test.name);
}
}
结果:
Causedby:org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:Errorcreatingbeanwithname'com.alibaba.test.circle.DependentBean#1c701a27':Autowiringoffieldsfailed;nestedexceptionisorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:Couldnotautowirefield:privatecom.alibaba.test.circle.Testcom.alibaba.test.circle.DependentBean.test;nestedexceptionisorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:Errorcreatingbeanwithname'test':FactoryBeanwhichiscurrentlyincreationreturnednullfromgetObject
3.2分析原因
当实例化test时候会触发getBean(“test”),会看当前bean是否存在
不存在则创建Test的实例,创建完毕后会把当前bean信息放入singletonFactories单件map里面
然后对该实例进行属性注入depentBean,属性注入时候会getBean(“depentBean”),
发现depentBean不存在,就会实例化depentBean,然后放入singletonFactories,
然后进行autowired注入test,然后触发getBean(“test”);这时候会到(1)getSingleton返回实例化的test。由于test是工厂bean所以返回test.getObject();
而MyFactoryBean的afterPropertiesSet还没被调用,所以test.getObject()返回null.
下面列下Springbean创建的流程:
getBean()->创建实例->autowired->set属性->afterPropertiesSet
也就是调用getObject方法早于afterPropertiesSet方法被调用了。
那么我们修改下MyFactoryBean为如下:
publicObjectgetObject()throwsException{
//TODOAuto-generatedmethodstub
if(null==test){
afterPropertiesSet();
}
returntest;
}
publicvoidafterPropertiesSet()throwsException{
if(null==test){
System.out.println("name:"+this.name);
test=newTest();
test.name=depentBean.doSomething()+this.name;
}
}
也就是getObject内部先判断不如test==null那调用下afterPropertiesSet,然后afterPropertiesSet内部如果test==null在创建Test实例,看起来貌似不错,好想可以解决我们的问题。但是实际上还是不行的,因为afterPropertiesSet内部使用了depentBean,而此时depentBean=null。
3.3思考如何解决
3.2分析原因是先创建了MyFactoryBean,并在在创建MyFactoryBean的过程中有创建了DepentBean,而创建DepentBean时候需要autowiredMyFactoryBean的实例,然后要调用afterPropertiesSet前调用getObject方法所以返回null。
那如果先创建DepentBean,然后在创建MyFactoryBean那?下面分析下过程:
首先会实例化DepentBean,并且加入到singletonFactories
DepentBean实例会autowiredTest,所以会先创建Test实例
创建Test实例,然后加入singletonFactories
Test实例会属性注入DepentBean实例,所以会getBean(“depentBean”);
getBean(“depentBean”)发现singletonFactories中已经有depentBean了,则返回depentBean对象
因为depentBean不是工厂bean所以直接返回depentBean
Test实例会属性注入DepentBean实例成功,Test实例初始化OK
DepentBean实例会autowiredTest实例OK
按照这分析先创建DepentBean,然后在实例化MyFactoryBean是可行的,修改xml为如下:
测试运行结果:
name:zlx
hello:zlx
果真可以了,那按照这分析,上面XML配置如果调整了声明顺序,肯定也是会出错的,因为test创建比dependentBean早,测试下果然如此。另外可想而知工厂bean循环依赖工厂bean时候无论声明顺序如何必然也会失败。
3.3一个思考
上面先注入了MyFactoryBean中需要使用的dependentBean,然后注入MyFactoryBean,问题就解决了。那么如果需要在另外一个Bean中使用创建的id=”test”的对象时候,这个Bean该如何注入那?
类似下面的方式,会成功?留给大家思考^^
publicclassUseTest{
@Autowired
privateTesttest;
}
四、总结
普通Bean之间相互依赖时候Bean注入顺序是没有关系的,但是工厂Bean与普通Bean相互依赖时候则必须先实例化普通bean,这是因为工厂Bean的特殊性,也就是其有个getObject方法的缘故。
好了,以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对毛票票的支持。