了解为什么“更少”比“更多”命令更快以实现有效的文件导航
More是一个命令，可一次查看一个屏幕（但不能修改）文本文件的内容。它在Unix和类似Unix的系统，DOS，OS/2和MicrosoftWindows上可用。这种程序称为寻呼机。More是一个非常基本的寻呼机，最初只允许通过文件进行前向导航，尽管较新的实现允许有限的向后移动。
更多命令的基础应该像这样–
$ more /var/log/dkpg.log
样本输出应如下所示–
2016-12-02 11:30:45 startup archives unpack 2016-12-02 11:30:45 install python-ptyprocess:all <none> 0.5-1 2016-12-02 11:30:45 status half-installed python-ptyprocess:all 0.5-1 2016-12-02 11:30:45 status unpacked python-ptyprocess:all 0.5-1 2016-12-02 11:30:45 status unpacked python-ptyprocess:all 0.5-1 2016-12-02 11:30:46 install python-pexpect:all <none> 4.0.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:46 status half-installed python-pexpect:all 4.0.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:46 status unpacked python-pexpect:all 4.0.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:46 status unpacked python-pexpect:all 4.0.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:46 install python-simplegeneric:all <none> 0.8.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:46 status half-installed python-simplegeneric:all 0.8.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:46 status unpacked python-simplegeneric:all 0.8.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:46 status unpacked python-simplegeneric:all 0.8.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:47 install ipython:all <none> 2.4.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:47 status half-installed ipython:all 2.4.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:47 status triggers-pending man-db:amd64 2.7.5-1 2016-12-02 11:30:47 status triggers-pending hicolor-icon-theme:all 0.15-0ubuntu1 2016-12-02 11:30:47 status half-installed ipython:all 2.4.1-1 .........................................................................................
Cat命令如下所示–
$ cat /var/log/boot.log | more
样本输出应如下所示–
[ OK ] Started File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/8E9A-D511. Mounting /boot/efi... [ OK ] Mounted /boot/efi. [ OK ] Reached target Local File Systems. Starting Clean up any mess left by 0dns-up... Starting Set console font and keymap... Starting LSB: AppArmor initialization... Starting Tell Plymouth To Write Out Runtime Data... Starting Create Volatile Files and Directories... [ OK ] Started Tell Plymouth To Write Out Runtime Data. [ OK ] Started Clean up any mess left by 0dns-up. Starting Nameserver information manager... [ OK ] Started Nameserver information manager. [ OK ] Started Set console font and keymap. [ OK ] Created slice system-getty.slice. [ OK ] Started Create Volatile Files and Directories. Starting Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown... Starting Network Time Synchronization... [ OK ] Started Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown. [ OK ] Started Network Time Synchronization. [ OK ] Reached target System Time Synchronized. [ OK ] Started LSB: AppArmor initialization. [ OK ] Reached target System Initialization.
为了导航，请按Enter键或按空格键以浏览一页。要退出该命令，只需按q键或CTRL+C键。要设置页面应包含的行数，请使用以下命令-
$ more -5 /var/log/kern.log
上面的命令仅显示前10行。样本输出应如下所示–
Dec 6 12:27:33 khushboo-HP-15-Notebook-PC kernel: [ 2941.623182] nouveau 0000:09:00.0: DRM: resuming kernel object tree… Dec 6 12:27:33 khushboo-HP-15-Notebook-PC kernel: [ 2941.740892] nouveau 0000:09:00.0: bus: MMIO write of 0000001f FAULT at 6013d4 [ IBUS ] Dec 6 12:27:33 khushboo-HP-15-Notebook-PC kernel: [ 2941.741404] nouveau 0000:0
要获取有关更多命令的更多信息，请使用以下命令
$ more -h
样本输出应如下所示–
more: unknown option -h Usage: more [options] ... A file perusal filter for CRT viewing. Options: -d display help instead of ringing bell -f count logical rather than screen lines -l suppress pause after form feed -c do not scroll, display text and clean line ends -p do not scroll, clean screen and display text -s squeeze multiple blank lines into one -u suppress underlining - the number of lines per screenful + display file beginning from line number +/ display file beginning from search string match -V display version information and exit For more details see more(1).
学习Linux的“少”命令
Less命令允许您查看文件的内容并浏览文件。less命令的样本应该是这样的–
$ less /var/log/dpkg.log
样本输出应如下所示–
2016-12-02 11:30:48 status half-installed ipython:all 2.4.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:48 status triggers-pending bamfdaemon:amd64 0.5.3~bzr0+16.04.20 160701-0ubuntu1 2016-12-02 11:30:48 status triggers-pending mime-support:all 3.59ubuntu1 2016-12-02 11:30:48 status unpacked ipython:all 2.4.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:48 status unpacked ipython:all 2.4.1-1 2016-12-02 11:30:48 upgrade libmysqlclient20:i386 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 5.7.16-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 2016-12-02 11:30:48 status triggers-pending libc-bin:amd64 2.23-0ubuntu3 2016-12-02 11:30:48 status half-configured libmysqlclient20:i386 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 2016-12-02 11:30:48 status unpacked libmysqlclient20:i386 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2
通过Enter键，您可以逐行浏览文件。要获得有关less命令的更多信息，请使用以下命令
$ less --help
样本输出应如下所示–
SUMMARY OF LESS COMMANDS
Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, N.
Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if N is given.
A key preceded by a caret indicates the Ctrl key; thus ^K is ctrl-K.
h H Display this help.
q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOVING
e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or N lines).
y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or N lines).
f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or N lines).
b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or N lines).
z * Forward one window (and set window to N).
w * Backward one window (and set window to N).
ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file.
d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to N).
u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to N).
ESC-) RightArrow * Left one half screen width (or N positions).如果需要查找每行的编号，请使用-N选项，如下所示–
$ less -N /var/log/dpkg.log
样本输出应如下所示–
1 2016-12-02 11:30:45 startup archives unpack 2 2016-12-02 11:30:45 install python-ptyprocess:all <none> 0.5-1 3 2016-12-02 11:30:45 status half-installed python-ptyprocess:all 0.5-1 4 2016-12-02 11:30:45 status unpacked python-ptyprocess:all 0.5-1 5 2016-12-02 11:30:45 status unpacked python-ptyprocess:all 0.5-1 6 2016-12-02 11:30:46 install python-pexpect:all <none> 4.0.1-1 7 2016-12-02 11:30:46 status half-installed python-pexpect:all 4.0.1-1 8 2016-12-02 11:30:46 status unpacked python-pexpect:all 4.0.1-1 9 2016-12-02 11:30:46 status unpacked python-pexpect:all 4.0.1-1 10 2016-12-02 11:30:46 install python-simplegeneric:all <none> 0.8.1-1 11 2016-12-02 11:30:46 status half-installed python-simplegeneric:all 0.8.1 11 -1 12 2016-12-02 11:30:46 status unpacked python-simplegeneric:all 0.8.1-1 13 2016-12-02 11:30:46 status unpacked python-simplegeneric:all 0.8.1-1 14 2016-12-02 11:30:47 install ipython:all <none> 2.4.1-1 15 2016-12-02 11:30:47 status half-installed ipython:all 2.4.1-1 16 2016-12-02 11:30:47 status triggers-pending man-db:amd64 2.7.5-1 17 2016-12-02 11:30:47 status triggers-pending hicolor-icon-theme:all 0.15- 17 0ubuntu1 18 2016-12-02 11:30:47 status half-installed ipython:all 2.4.1-1 19 2016-12-02 11:30:47 status triggers-pending gnome-menus:amd64 3.13.3-6ub 19 untu3.1 20 2016-12-02 11:30:47 status triggers-pending desktop-file-utils:amd64 0.2
要退出less命令，请使用q键或CTRL+C键。若要更改此行为并在到达文件末尾时自动退出文件，请使用以下命令
在阅读完本文之后，您将能够理解–如何在Linux中结合示例使用“更少”和“更多”命令，我们将提供更多基于Linux的技巧和窍门。继续阅读！