如何在R中将数值向量的元素切成多个间隔？
数字向量可能包含大量元素；因此，我们可能希望将该向量转换为间隔向量。例如，如果向量中有1到10个值，则可能需要将该向量转换为间隔为1、2、3、4、5和(6,10)的向量，例如(1,5)6、7、8、9、10）。这可以通过使用cut函数来完成，在该函数中，我们将使用breaks参数将向量元素组合为一个间隔。
例子
> x1<-rep(1:10,times=5) > x1
输出结果
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 [26] 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
> cut(x1,breaks=c(0,10),include.lowest=TRUE)
输出结果
[1] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [11] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [21] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [31] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [41] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] Levels: [0,10]
> cut(x1,breaks=c(0,5,10),include.lowest=TRUE)
输出结果
[1] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] [11] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] [21] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] [31] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] [41] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] [0,5] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] Levels: [0,5] (5,10]
> cut(x1,breaks=c(0,2,5,10),include.lowest=TRUE)
输出结果
[1] [0,2] [0,2] (2,5] (2,5] (2,5] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] [11] [0,2] [0,2] (2,5] (2,5] (2,5] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] [21] [0,2] [0,2] (2,5] (2,5] (2,5] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] [31] [0,2] [0,2] (2,5] (2,5] (2,5] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] [41] [0,2] [0,2] (2,5] (2,5] (2,5] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] (5,10] Levels: [0,2] (2,5] (5,10]
示例
> x2<-sample(1:50,100,replace=TRUE) > x2
输出结果
[1] 13 7 48 13 31 27 19 40 10 42 13 6 12 18 14 21 49 20 10 21 39 39 42 11 10 [26] 39 24 9 7 2 46 11 34 40 9 16 47 23 43 39 12 37 22 6 17 42 13 10 13 34 [51] 48 48 31 3 26 27 24 1 33 41 16 17 8 34 12 12 50 39 44 46 26 29 9 43 10 [76] 47 41 25 50 18 8 50 29 8 20 46 48 9 13 21 45 7 6 38 4 37 28 9 46 43
> cut(x2,breaks=c(0,10,20,30,40,50),include.lowest=TRUE)
输出结果
[1] (10,20] [0,10] (40,50] (10,20] (30,40] (20,30] (10,20] (30,40] [0,10] [10] (40,50] (10,20] [0,10] (10,20] (10,20] (10,20] (20,30] (40,50] (10,20] [19] [0,10] (20,30] (30,40] (30,40] (40,50] (10,20] [0,10] (30,40] (20,30] [28] [0,10] [0,10] [0,10] (40,50] (10,20] (30,40] (30,40] [0,10] (10,20] [37] (40,50] (20,30] (40,50] (30,40] (10,20] (30,40] (20,30] [0,10] (10,20] [46] (40,50] (10,20] [0,10] (10,20] (30,40] (40,50] (40,50] (30,40] [0,10] [55] (20,30] (20,30] (20,30] [0,10] (30,40] (40,50] (10,20] (10,20] [0,10] [64] (30,40] (10,20] (10,20] (40,50] (30,40] (40,50] (40,50] (20,30] (20,30] [73] [0,10] (40,50] [0,10] (40,50] (40,50] (20,30] (40,50] (10,20] [0,10] [82] (40,50] (20,30] [0,10] (10,20] (40,50] (40,50] [0,10] (10,20] (20,30] [91] (40,50] [0,10] [0,10] (30,40] [0,10] (30,40] (20,30] [0,10] (40,50] [100] (40,50] Levels: [0,10] (10,20] (20,30] (30,40] (40,50]
> cut(x2,breaks=c(0,25,50),include.lowest=TRUE)
输出结果
[1] [0,25] [0,25] (25,50] [0,25] (25,50] (25,50] [0,25] (25,50] [0,25] [10] (25,50] [0,25] [0,25] [0,25] [0,25] [0,25] [0,25] (25,50] [0,25] [19] [0,25] [0,25] (25,50] (25,50] (25,50] [0,25] [0,25] (25,50] [0,25] [28] [0,25] [0,25] [0,25] (25,50] [0,25] (25,50] (25,50] [0,25] [0,25] [37] (25,50] [0,25] (25,50] (25,50] [0,25] (25,50] [0,25] [0,25] [0,25] [46] (25,50] [0,25] [0,25] [0,25] (25,50] (25,50] (25,50] (25,50] [0,25] [55] (25,50] (25,50] [0,25] [0,25] (25,50] (25,50] [0,25] [0,25] [0,25] [64] (25,50] [0,25] [0,25] (25,50] (25,50] (25,50] (25,50] (25,50] (25,50] [73] [0,25] (25,50] [0,25] (25,50] (25,50] [0,25] (25,50] [0,25] [0,25] [82] (25,50] (25,50] [0,25] [0,25] (25,50] (25,50] [0,25] [0,25] [0,25] [91] (25,50] [0,25] [0,25] (25,50] [0,25] (25,50] (25,50] [0,25] (25,50] [100] (25,50] Levels: [0,25] (25,50]
示例
> x3<-rnorm(50) > x3
输出结果
[1] -1.64517642 -0.01272833 0.91663842 -0.09876889 0.55948078 -0.18988625 [7] -0.01549091 0.38267434 0.41934828 0.29722536 -0.26682682 1.96459180 [13] 0.80592720 0.21291731 1.40838981 0.76851455 -0.78332882 -1.36524134 [19] 0.41831139 0.56214779 -0.02624205 0.82156347 1.61126016 -1.90119281 [25] -0.74483003 1.23303337 -0.01098453 1.41730325 -0.32065348 0.47327116 [31] -1.15282707 0.40602932 0.50278613 0.14055559 0.12118253 0.92430501 [37] 0.96296365 -1.46332577 -1.28307015 1.79576714 -0.36234303 -0.15216707 [43] -0.35560809 -1.50113319 1.24395907 2.10404794 0.38022634 -0.22089852 [49] 0.49641952 2.08534151
> cut(x3,breaks=c(-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3),include.lowest=TRUE)
输出结果
[1] (-2,-1] (-1,0] (0,1] (-1,0] (0,1] (-1,0] (-1,0] (0,1] (0,1] [10] (0,1] (-1,0] (1,2] (0,1] (0,1] (1,2] (0,1] (-1,0] (-2,-1] [19] (0,1] (0,1] (-1,0] (0,1] (1,2] (-2,-1] (-1,0] (1,2] (-1,0] [28] (1,2] (-1,0] (0,1] (-2,-1] (0,1] (0,1] (0,1] (0,1] (0,1] [37] (0,1] (-2,-1] (-2,-1] (1,2] (-1,0] (-1,0] (-1,0] (-2,-1] (1,2] [46] (2,3] (0,1] (-1,0] (0,1] (2,3] Levels: [-3,-2] (-2,-1] (-1,0] (0,1] (1,2] (2,3]
示例
> x4<-rexp(50) > x4
输出结果
[1] 0.36828906 0.99410752 1.60327543 1.00733906 0.04192489 0.27703294 [7] 1.01972666 0.13404797 1.61118488 0.56973146 1.14849062 1.26478100 [13] 1.96776564 0.28164489 2.20068898 0.53786708 0.05716903 1.17060241 [19] 4.11329046 0.05836550 2.03377736 1.51988907 1.31311807 1.12480807 [25] 2.39660434 1.53262673 1.53017418 0.93182793 0.64312828 1.98225892 [31] 2.29062631 2.04986737 0.20598660 0.05072401 0.11331514 0.05711355 [37] 0.46356027 0.01115845 0.06631682 0.35291485 0.07836249 0.02739561 [43] 0.69748192 0.39024496 1.59251440 0.15721042 0.27359071 1.67332810 [49] 0.85041291 0.36395538
> cut(x4,breaks=c(0,2,4,6),include.lowest=TRUE)
输出结果
[1] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [13] [0,2] [0,2] (2,4] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] (4,6] [0,2] (2,4] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [25] (2,4] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] (2,4] (2,4] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [37] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [0,2] [49] [0,2] [0,2] Levels: [0,2] (2,4] (4,6] 5 [1] 4.648796 4.536560 3.420823 4.725203 3.960189 4.016633 4.089574 2.858532 [9] 3.820272 4.162882 3.765825 3.105139 4.569274 3.305300 3.848793 2.243246 [17] 2.956504 2.123237 4.966899 3.060593 4.545236 4.799034 3.242637 3.594802 [25] 3.984293 2.778013 4.690801 4.748652 3.197996 2.931886 4.604935 3.443908 [33] 4.290655 2.898870 2.667637 3.438125 2.137097 2.596239 4.573550 4.062213 [41] 4.990185 4.437294 4.802661 4.250570 3.682694 4.631286 3.975588 3.249041 [49] 4.993362 4.235411
> cut(x5,breaks=c(1,2,3,4,5),include.lowest=TRUE)
输出结果
[1] (4,5] (4,5] (3,4] (4,5] (3,4] (4,5] (4,5] (2,3] (3,4] (4,5] (3,4] (3,4] [13] (4,5] (3,4] (3,4] (2,3] (2,3] (2,3] (4,5] (3,4] (4,5] (4,5] (3,4] (3,4] [25] (3,4] (2,3] (4,5] (4,5] (3,4] (2,3] (4,5] (3,4] (4,5] (2,3] (2,3] (3,4] [37] (2,3] (2,3] (4,5] (4,5] (4,5] (4,5] (4,5] (4,5] (3,4] (4,5] (3,4] (3,4] [49] (4,5] (4,5] Levels: [1,2] (2,3] (3,4] (4,5]