Django 使用`email`作为用户名并摆脱`username`字段
示例
如果您想摆脱该username字段并email用作唯一的用户标识符，则必须创建一个User扩展自定义模型，AbstractBaseUser而不是AbstractUser。确实，username并且email是在中定义的AbstractUser，您不能覆盖它们。这意味着您还必须重新定义要在中定义的所有字段AbstractUser。
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin, BaseUserManager,
)
fromdjango.dbimport models
fromdjango.utilsimport timezone
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
use_in_migrations = True
def _create_user(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
if not email:
raise ValueError('The given email must be set')
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **extra_fields)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_user(self, email, password=None, **extra_fields):
extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', False)
extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', False)
return self._create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)
def create_superuser(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)
extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)
if extra_fields.get('is_staff') is not True:
raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_staff=True.')
if extra_fields.get('is_superuser') is not True:
raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_superuser=True.')
return self._create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)
class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
"""PermissionsMixin contains the following fields:
- `is_superuser`
- `groups`
- `user_permissions`
You can omit this mix-in if you don't want to use permissions or
if you want to implement your own permissions logic.
"""
class Meta:
verbose_name = _("user")
verbose_name_plural = _("users")
db_table = 'auth_user'
# `db_table` is only needed if you move from the existing default
# User model to a custom one. This enables to keep the existing data.
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
"""使用电子邮件作为唯一的用户名。"""
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['first_name', 'last_name']
GENDER_MALE = 'M'
GENDER_FEMALE = 'F'
GENDER_CHOICES = [
(GENDER_MALE, _("Male")),
(GENDER_FEMALE, _("Female")),
]
email = models.EmailField(
verbose_name=_("email address"), unique=True,
error_messages={
'unique': _(
"A user is already registered with this email address"),
},
)
gender = models.CharField(
max_length=1, blank=True, choices=GENDER_CHOICES,
verbose_name=_("gender"),
)
first_name = models.CharField(
max_length=30, verbose_name=_("first name"),
)
last_name = models.CharField(
max_length=30, verbose_name=_("last name"),
)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(
verbose_name=_("staff status"),
default=False,
help_text=_(
"指定用户是否可以登录此管理站点。"
),
)
is_active = models.BooleanField(
verbose_name=_("active"),
default=True,
help_text=_(
"指定是否应将此用户视为活动用户。 "
"取消选择它而不是删除帐户。"
),
)
date_joined = models.DateTimeField(
verbose_name=_("date joined"), default=timezone.now,
)
objects = UserManager()