Python实用日期时间处理方法汇总

2024-04-01 00:31:06 41

原则,以datetime为中心,起点或中转,转化为目标对象,涵盖了大多数业务场景中需要的日期转换处理

步骤:

1.掌握几种对象及其关系
2.了解每类对象的基本操作方法
3.通过转化关系转化
涉及对象

1.datetime


>>>importdatetime

>>>now=datetime.datetime.now()

>>>now

datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,9,12,946118)

>>>type(now)

<type'datetime.datetime'>

2.timestamp


>>>importtime

>>>time.time()

1421075455.568243

3.timetuple


>>>importtime

>>>time.localtime()

time.struct_time(tm_year=2015,tm_mon=1,tm_mday=12,tm_hour=23,tm_min=10,tm_sec=30,tm_wday=0,tm_yday=12,tm_isdst=0)

4.string


>>>importdatetime

>>>datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S")

'2015-01-1223:13:08'

5.date


>>>importdatetime

>>>datetime.datetime.now().date()

datetime.date(2015,1,12)

datetime基本操作

1.获取当前datetime


>>>importdatetime

>>>datetime.datetime.now()

datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,26,24,475680)

2.获取当天date


>>>datetime.date.today()

datetime.date(2015,1,12)

3.获取明天/前N天

明天


>>>datetime.date.today()+datetime.timedelta(days=1)

datetime.date(2015,1,13)

三天前


>>>datetime.datetime.now()

datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,38,55,492226)

>>>datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(days=3)

datetime.datetime(2015,1,9,23,38,57,59363)

4.获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:0023:59:59)


>>>datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(),datetime.time.min)

datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,0,0)

>>>datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(),datetime.time.max)

datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,59,59,999999)

5.获取两个datetime的时间差


>>>(datetime.datetime(2015,1,13,12,0,0)-datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds()

44747.768075

6.获取本周/本月/上月最后一天

本周


>>>today=datetime.date.today()

>>>today

datetime.date(2015,1,12)

>>>sunday=today+datetime.timedelta(6-today.weekday())

>>>sunday

datetime.date(2015,1,18)

本月


>>>importcalendar

>>>today=datetime.date.today()

>>>_,last_day_num=calendar.monthrange(today.year,today.month)

>>>last_day=datetime.date(today.year,today.month,last_day_num)

>>>last_day

datetime.date(2015,1,31)

获取上个月的最后一天(可能跨年)


>>>importdatetime

>>>today=datetime.date.today()

>>>first=datetime.date(day=1,month=today.month,year=today.year)

>>>lastMonth=first-datetime.timedelta(days=1)

关系转换

几个关系之间的转化

DatetimeObject/String/timestamp/timetuple

关系转换例子

datetime<=>string

datetime->string


>>>importdatetime

>>>datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S")

'2015-01-1223:13:08'

string->datetime


>>>importdatetime

>>>datetime.datetime.strptime("2014-12-3118:20:10","%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S")

datetime.datetime(2014,12,31,18,20,10)

datetime<=>timetuple

datetime->timetuple


>>>importdatetime

>>>datetime.datetime.now().timetuple()

time.struct_time(tm_year=2015,tm_mon=1,tm_mday=12,tm_hour=23,tm_min=17,tm_sec=59,tm_wday=0,tm_yday=12,tm_isdst=-1)

timetuple->datetime


timetuple=>timestamp=>datetime[看后面datetime<=>timestamp]

datetime<=>date

datetime->date


>>>importdatetime

>>>datetime.datetime.now().date()

datetime.date(2015,1,12)

date->datetime


>>>datetime.date.today()

datetime.date(2015,1,12)

>>>today=datetime.date.today()

>>>datetime.datetime.combine(today,datetime.time())

datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,0,0)

>>>datetime.datetime.combine(today,datetime.time.min)

datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,0,0)

datetime<=>timestamp

datetime->timestamp


>>>now=datetime.datetime.now()

>>>timestamp=time.mktime(now.timetuple())

>>>timestamp

1421077403.0

timestamp->datetime


>>>datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1421077403.0)

datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,43,23)

Python实用日期时间处理方法汇总

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