比较全的一个C#操作word文档示例
最近两天研究了一下如何使用VS2008(C#语言)输出Word文档。以下是几点总结:
1、非常简单。
2、开发及运行环境要求。操作系统为:WindowsXP(安装.netframework2.0)/Vista/Win7;在操作系统必须安装Word2003完全安装版。这里必须要强调是Word2003完全安装版,因为软件开发及运行都需要一个com组件:Microsoftword11.0ObjectLibrary。如果不是Word2003完全安装版,可以下载这个com组件,并手动的安装这个com组件。下载地址为:http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&id=20923,文件不大,只有4M左右。
3、C#工程设置。这里的工程设置,就是添加com组件。步骤为:在工程资源管理器中"添加引用"->"com"选项卡->在下拉列表中选Microsoftword11.0ObjectLibrary。ok了,看上去,跟添加一般的dll一样,但实际上vs2008在这个过程中完成一系列复杂的关于.net调用com组件的操作,不过,幸好我们不用管这个。
4、接下就是写代码了。在这里,使用Word的com对像,跟使用一般的非com对像一样,非常流畅,好像根本就不管它什么com不com的。为了使代码比较简洁,可以在源代码文件顶添加这样的一条语句:usingWord=Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word;
5、最好是对word对像模型有一定的了解,这样在写代码的时候就不会那么“迷茫”了。wore对像模型中有几个比较重要的对像,它们是Application、Document、Selection、Range、Bookmark,以及其它的一些对像,如:Paragraph、Section、Table等级。刚开始学的时候,感觉Selection、Range、Bookmark这几个对像有点迷惑人,Selection可能好理解,就是表示当前的选择区域,如果没有选择就表示光标所在位置。Range和Bookmark,其实在很多地方很像,不过也有一些区别,在这里就不多说了,google一下"word.Range"就行了。
6、在写代码的过程中,经常会想要实现的一些操作,但是由于对word对像不熟悉而不知怎么用代码实现。比如设置页眉、添加页码什么的,如果在Word程序里手动的操作当然很简单,但是要用代码来实现,对初学者来说就可能不那么容易了。遇到这种情况,一般有两种方法可以选择:一种是"百度/google法",别一种,也是我所推荐的一种就是,利用Word的“录制宏”功能把想要实现的操作录成宏之后,再看宏里的代码,宏里的代码其实几乎就是你想要的代码了(只不过语法有一点不一样而已)。
7、以下给出一个示例,这个示例里面包括了一些常用的图、文、表、公式的编辑与排版以及页面设置、页眉、页码的操作,里面都有注释,写得很清楚。
usingSystem; usingSystem.Collections.Generic; usingSystem.ComponentModel; usingSystem.Data; usingSystem.Drawing; usingSystem.Text; usingMicrosoft.Office.Interop; usingWord=Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word; usingSystem.Runtime.InteropServices; namespaceWindowsFormsApplication1 { publicpartialclassForm1:System.Windows.Forms.Form { [DllImport("shell32.dll")] publicstaticexternintShellExecute(IntPtrhwnd,StringlpszOp,StringlpszFile,StringlpszParams,StringlpszDir,intFsShowCmd); publicForm1() { InitializeComponent(); } privatevoidbutton1_Click(objectsender,EventArgse) { //新建文档 //Word.Applicationnewapp=newWord.Application();//用这句也能初始化 Word.Applicationnewapp=newWord.ApplicationClass(); Word.Documentnewdoc; objectnothing=System.Reflection.Missing.Value;//用于作为函数的默认参数 newdoc=newapp.Documents.Add(refnothing,refnothing,refnothing,refnothing);//生成一个word文档 newapp.Visible=true;//是否显示word程序界面 //页面设置 //newdoc.PageSetup.Orientation=Word.WdOrientation.wdOrientLandscape; //newdoc.PageSetup.PageWidth=newapp.CentimetersToPoints(21.0f); //newdoc.PageSetup.PageHeight=newapp.CentimetersToPoints(29.7f); newdoc.PageSetup.PaperSize=Word.WdPaperSize.wdPaperA4; newdoc.PageSetup.Orientation=Word.WdOrientation.wdOrientPortrait; newdoc.PageSetup.TopMargin=57.0f; newdoc.PageSetup.BottomMargin=57.0f; newdoc.PageSetup.LeftMargin=57.0f; newdoc.PageSetup.RightMargin=57.0f; newdoc.PageSetup.HeaderDistance=30.0f;//页眉位置 //设置页眉 newapp.ActiveWindow.View.Type=Word.WdViewType.wdOutlineView;//视图样式。 newapp.ActiveWindow.View.SeekView=Word.WdSeekView.wdSeekPrimaryHeader;//进入页眉设置,其中页眉边距在页面设置中已完成 newapp.Selection.ParagraphFormat.Alignment=Word.WdParagraphAlignment.wdAlignParagraphRight; //插入页眉图片 stringheaderfile="d:\\header.jpg"; this.outpicture(headerfile,Properties.Resources.header); Word.InlineShapeshape1=newapp.ActiveWindow.ActivePane.Selection.InlineShapes.AddPicture(headerfile,refnothing,refnothing,refnothing); shape1.Height=30; shape1.Width=80; newapp.ActiveWindow.ActivePane.Selection.InsertAfter("中建东北院"); //去掉页眉的那条横线 newapp.ActiveWindow.ActivePane.Selection.ParagraphFormat.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderBottom].LineStyle=Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleNone; newapp.ActiveWindow.ActivePane.Selection.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderBottom].Visible=false; newapp.ActiveWindow.ActivePane.View.SeekView=Word.WdSeekView.wdSeekMainDocument;//退出页眉设置 //添加页码 Word.PageNumberspns=newapp.Selection.Sections[1].Headers[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdHeaderFooterIndex.wdHeaderFooterEvenPages].PageNumbers; pns.NumberStyle=Word.WdPageNumberStyle.wdPageNumberStyleNumberInDash; pns.HeadingLevelForChapter=0; pns.IncludeChapterNumber=false; pns.ChapterPageSeparator=Word.WdSeparatorType.wdSeparatorHyphen; pns.RestartNumberingAtSection=false; pns.StartingNumber=0; objectpagenmbetal=Word.WdPageNumberAlignment.wdAlignPageNumberCenter; objectfirst=true; newapp.Selection.Sections[1].Footers[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdHeaderFooterIndex.wdHeaderFooterEvenPages].PageNumbers.Add(refpagenmbetal,reffirst); //文字设置(Selection表示当前选择集,如果当前没有选择对像,则指对光标所在处进行设置) newapp.Selection.Font.Size=14; newapp.Selection.Font.Bold=0; newapp.Selection.Font.Color=Word.WdColor.wdColorBlack; newapp.Selection.Font.Name="宋体"; //段落设置 newapp.Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingRule=Word.WdLineSpacing.wdLineSpaceExactly; newapp.Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacing=20; newapp.Selection.ParagraphFormat.Alignment=Word.WdParagraphAlignment.wdAlignParagraphLeft; newapp.Selection.ParagraphFormat.FirstLineIndent=30; newdoc.Content.InsertAfter(WindowsFormsApplication1.Properties.Resources.PreViewWords); //插入公式 objectoEndOfDoc="\\endofdoc"; Word.Rangerang1=newdoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(refoEndOfDoc).Range; objectfieldType=Word.WdFieldType.wdFieldEmpty; objectformula=@"eq\i(a,b,ξxdx)"; objectpresrveFormatting=false; rang1.Text=formula.ToString(); rang1.Font.Size=14; rang1.Font.Bold=0; rang1.Font.Subscript=0; rang1.Font.Color=Word.WdColor.wdColorBlue; rang1.Font.Name="宋体"; rang1.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingRule=Word.WdLineSpacing.wdLineSpaceSingle; rang1.ParagraphFormat.Alignment=Word.WdParagraphAlignment.wdAlignParagraphRight; newdoc.Fields.Add(rang1,reffieldType,refformula,refpresrveFormatting); //将文档的前三个字替换成"asdfasdf",并将其颜色设为蓝色 objectstart=0; objectend=3; Word.Rangerang2=newdoc.Range(refstart,refend); rang2.Font.Color=Word.WdColor.wdColorBlue; rang2.Text="as签"; //将文档开头的"as"替换成"袁波" rang1.Start=0; rang1.End=2; rang1.Text="这是一个"; rang1.InsertAfter("书"); //rang1.Select(); objectcodirection=Word.WdCollapseDirection.wdCollapseStart; rang1.Collapse(refcodirection);//将rang1的起点和终点都定于起点或终点 //对前三个字符进行加粗 newdoc.Range(refstart,refend).Bold=1; objectrang=rang2; newdoc.Bookmarks.Add("yb",refrang); objectunite=Word.WdUnits.wdStory; newapp.Selection.EndKey(refunite,refnothing);//将光标移至文末 newapp.Selection.Font.Size=10; newapp.Selection.TypeText("...............................(式1)\n"); //插入图片 newapp.Selection.EndKey(refunite,refnothing);//将光标移至文末 //newapp.Selection.HomeKey(refunite,refnothing);//将光标移至文开头 newapp.Selection.ParagraphFormat.LineSpacingRule=Word.WdLineSpacing.wdLineSpaceSingle; newapp.Selection.ParagraphFormat.Alignment=Word.WdParagraphAlignment.wdAlignParagraphCenter; objectLinkToFile=false; objectSaveWithDocument=true; objectAnchor=newapp.Selection.Range; stringpicname="d:\\kk.jpg"; this.outpicture(picname,Properties.Resources.IMG_2169); newdoc.InlineShapes.AddPicture(picname,refLinkToFile,refSaveWithDocument,refAnchor); newdoc.InlineShapes[1].Height=200; newdoc.InlineShapes[1].Width=200; newdoc.Content.InsertAfter("\n"); newapp.Selection.EndKey(refunite,refnothing);//将光标移至文末 newapp.Selection.ParagraphFormat.Alignment=Word.WdParagraphAlignment.wdAlignParagraphCenter; newapp.Selection.Font.Size=10; newapp.Selection.TypeText("图1袁冶\n"); newapp.Selection.ParagraphFormat.Alignment=Word.WdParagraphAlignment.wdAlignParagraphRight; newdoc.Content.InsertAfter("\n"); newdoc.Content.InsertAfter("\n"); //用这种方式也可以插入公式,并且这种方法更简单 newapp.Selection.Font.Size=14; newapp.Selection.InsertFormula(refformula,refnothing); newapp.Selection.Font.Size=10; newapp.Selection.TypeText("..............................(式2)\n"); newapp.Selection.ParagraphFormat.Alignment=Word.WdParagraphAlignment.wdAlignParagraphCenter; newapp.Selection.TypeText("表1电子产品\n"); //插入表格 Word.Tabletable1=newdoc.Tables.Add(newapp.Selection.Range,4,3,refnothing,refnothing); newdoc.Tables[1].Cell(1,1).Range.Text="产品\n项目"; newdoc.Tables[1].Cell(1,2).Range.Text="电脑"; newdoc.Tables[1].Cell(1,3).Range.Text="手机"; newdoc.Tables[1].Cell(2,1).Range.Text="重量(kg)"; newdoc.Tables[1].Cell(3,1).Range.Text="价格(元)"; newdoc.Tables[1].Cell(4,1).Range.Text="共同信息"; newdoc.Tables[1].Cell(4,2).Range.Text="信息A"; newdoc.Tables[1].Cell(4,3).Range.Text="信息B"; table1.Select(); table1.Rows.Alignment=Word.WdRowAlignment.wdAlignRowCenter;//整个表格居中 newapp.Selection.Cells.VerticalAlignment=Word.WdCellVerticalAlignment.wdCellAlignVerticalCenter; newapp.Selection.ParagraphFormat.Alignment=Word.WdParagraphAlignment.wdAlignParagraphCenter; newapp.Selection.Cells.HeightRule=Word.WdRowHeightRule.wdRowHeightExactly; newapp.Selection.Cells.Height=40; table1.Rows[2].Height=20; table1.Rows[3].Height=20; table1.Rows[4].Height=20; table1.Range.ParagraphFormat.Alignment=Word.WdParagraphAlignment.wdAlignParagraphCenter; newapp.Selection.Cells.Width=150; table1.Columns[1].Width=75; table1.Cell(1,1).Range.ParagraphFormat.Alignment=Word.WdParagraphAlignment.wdAlignParagraphRight; table1.Cell(1,1).Range.Paragraphs[2].Format.Alignment=Word.WdParagraphAlignment.wdAlignParagraphLeft; //表头斜线 table1.Cell(1,1).Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderDiagonalDown].Visible=true; table1.Cell(1,1).Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderDiagonalDown].Color=Word.WdColor.wdColorGreen; table1.Cell(1,1).Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderDiagonalDown].LineWidth=Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth050pt; //表格边框 table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderHorizontal].Visible=true; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderHorizontal].Color=Word.WdColor.wdColorGreen; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderHorizontal].LineWidth=Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth050pt; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderVertical].Visible=true; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderVertical].Color=Word.WdColor.wdColorGreen; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderVertical].LineWidth=Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth050pt; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderLeft].Visible=true; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderLeft].Color=Word.WdColor.wdColorGreen; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderLeft].LineWidth=Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth050pt; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderLeft].LineStyle=Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleDoubleWavy; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderRight].Visible=true; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderRight].Color=Word.WdColor.wdColorGreen; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderRight].LineWidth=Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth050pt; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderRight].LineStyle=Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleDoubleWavy; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderBottom].Visible=true; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderBottom].Color=Word.WdColor.wdColorGreen; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderBottom].LineWidth=Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth050pt; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderBottom].LineStyle=Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleDouble; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderTop].Visible=true; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderTop].Color=Word.WdColor.wdColorGreen; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderTop].LineWidth=Word.WdLineWidth.wdLineWidth050pt; table1.Borders[Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.WdBorderType.wdBorderTop].LineStyle=Word.WdLineStyle.wdLineStyleDouble; //合并单元格 newdoc.Tables[1].Cell(4,2).Merge(table1.Cell(4,3)); //删除图片 this.delpictfile(headerfile); this.delpictfile(picname); //保存文档 objectname="c:\\yb3.doc"; newdoc.SaveAs(refname,refnothing,refnothing,refnothing,refnothing,refnothing,refnothing, refnothing,refnothing,refnothing,refnothing,refnothing,refnothing,refnothing, refnothing,refnothing); //关闭文档 objectsaveOption=Word.WdSaveOptions.wdDoNotSaveChanges; newdoc.Close(refnothing,refnothing,refnothing); newapp.Application.Quit(refsaveOption,refnothing,refnothing); newdoc=null; newapp=null; ShellExecute(IntPtr.Zero,"open","c:\\yb3.doc","","",3); } privatevoidoutpicture(stringfilename,System.Drawing.Bitmapbmap) { bmap.Save(filename); } privatevoiddelpictfile(stringfilename) { System.IO.File.Delete(filename); } } }