详解nginx反向代理配置及优化
前言:
由于服务器apache抗不住目前的并发.加上前端squid配置后,问题依然无法解决.而页面程序大部分是动态.无法使用fastcgi来处理.因此想使用nginx做为反向代理apache.整个配置安装过程很简单.在考虑高并发的情况下,在安装前就做了些优化.目前配置能抗住3000以上并发.好像不是特别大哦?呵~~但足以~~只是还有少量499问题..期待有人跟我讨论解决
第1部分:安装
1建立用户及组
/usr/sbin/groupaddwww /usr/sbin/useradd-gwwwwww
2安装pcre让nginx支持rewrite方便以后所需
wgetftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz tarzxvfpcre-7.8.tar.gz cdpcre-7.8/ ./configure make&&makeinstall
3安装nginx
wgethttp://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz tarzxvfnginx-0.7.58.tar.gz cdnginx-0.7.58/ ./configure--user=www--group=www--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx--with-http_stub_status_module--with-http_ssl_module--with-cc-opt='-O2'--with-cpu-opt=opteron make&&makeinstall
#注意上文中的--with-cc-opt='-O2'--with-cpu-opt=opteron这是编译器优化,目前最常用的是-02而不是3.后面对应CPU的型号,可参照:http://wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG
第2部分:配置及优化配置文件
1nginx.conf配置文件:
userwwwwww; worker_processes4; #[debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit] error_log/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.logcrit; pid/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifiesthevalueformaximumfiledescriptorsthatcanbeopenedbythisprocess. worker_rlimit_nofile51200; events { useepoll; worker_connections51200; } http { includemime.types; default_typeapplication/octet-stream; source_charsetGB2312; server_names_hash_bucket_size256; client_header_buffer_size256k; large_client_header_buffers4256k; #sizelimits client_max_body_size50m; client_body_buffer_size256k; client_header_timeout3m; client_body_timeout3m; send_timeout3m; #参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502499错误 sendfileon; tcp_nopushon; keepalive_timeout120;#参数加大,以解决做代理时502错误 tcp_nodelayon; includevhosts/upstream.conf; includevhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf; }
2upstream.conf配置文件(这也是做负载的配置方法)
upstream.conf upstreambbs.linuxtone.com{ server192.168.1.4:8099; }
3站点配置文件
bbs.linuxtone.conf server { listen80; server_namebbs.linuxtone.conf; charsetGB2312; indexindex.htmlindex.htm; root/date/wwwroot/linuxtone/; location~^/NginxStatus/{ stub_statuson; access_logoff; } location/{ root/date/wwwroot/linuxtone/; proxy_redirectoff; proxy_set_headerHost$host; proxy_set_headerX-Real-IP$remote_addr; proxy_set_headerREMOTE-HOST$remote_addr; proxy_set_headerX-Forwarded-For$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; client_max_body_size50m; client_body_buffer_size256k; proxy_connect_timeout30; proxy_send_timeout30; proxy_read_timeout60; proxy_buffer_size256k; proxy_buffers4256k; proxy_busy_buffers_size256k; proxy_temp_file_write_size256k; proxy_next_upstreamerrortimeoutinvalid_headerhttp_500http_503http_404; proxy_max_temp_file_size128m; proxy_passhttp://bbs.linuxtone.com; }
#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502499错误
#Addexpiresheaderforstaticcontent location~*\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)${ if(-f$request_filename){ root/date/wwwroot/linuxtone/; expires1d; break; } } log_formataccess'$remote_addr-$remote_user[$time_local]"$request"' '$status$body_bytes_sent"$http_referer"' '"$http_user_agent"$http_x_forwarded_for'; access_log/exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.logaccess; }
注:第二种代理方式
nginx处理下图片,html等静态的东西.其它动态由apache处理.因此apache也需要做一些参数调整.
设置图片等过期时间.缓解请求.
如果源与nginx在同一台机器建议使用如下方法:
location/{ proxy_passhttp://192.168.1.4:8099/; proxy_redirectdefault; }
针对不同的目录进行代理把下面的配置放到根目录代理的上面
location/linuxtone/{ proxy_passhttp://192.168.1.4:8099/linuxtone/; proxy_redirectdefault; }
4源配置
<VirtualHost192.168.1.4:8099> ServerAdminliuyu105#gmail.com DocumentRoot/date/wwwroot/linuxtone ServerNamebbs.linuxtone.com ErrorLoglogs/linuxtone_error_log CustomLog"|/usr/local/sbin/cronologlogs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d"combined </VirtualHost>
第3部分:源的优化
1apache-mpm.conf
<IfModulempm_prefork_module> StartServers15 MinSpareServers15 MaxSpareServers30 ServerLimit2536 MaxClients2048 MaxRequestsPerChild1500 </IfModule>
2apache-keepalive
Timeout120#与nginx的保持一至 KeepAliveOn MaxKeepAliveRequests400 KeepAliveTimeout7
第4部分:PHP的优化
优化一:将PHP由之前的xcache换成eaccelerator
1安装
wgethttp://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 tarjxvfeaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 cdeaccelerator-0.9.5.3/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure--enable-eaccelerator=shared--with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config make makeinstall
注:PHP路径以安装为准!
2配置
sed-i's#extension_dir="./"#extension_dir="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension="memcache.so"\n#'/etc/php.ini sed-i's#output_buffering=Off#output_buffering=On#'/etc/php.ini sed-i"s#;always_populate_raw_post_data=On#always_populate_raw_post_data=On#g"/etc/php.ini
配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
mkdir-p/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache vi/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:
[eaccelerator] zend_extension="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="128" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
优化二:联系开发重新编译php减少php的模块.以减少php进程所占用内存数.这块尽管影响不大,但也有一定的作用.编译前也可以参照nginx的编译器优化方式安装.
第5部分:测试并启动nginx
ulimit-SHn51200 /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx-t /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
第6部分:nginx日志切割脚本
#!/bin/bash #Thisscriptrunat00:00 #TheNginxlogspath logs_path="/exp/nginxlogs/" mkdir-p${logs_path}$(date-d"yesterday"+"%Y")/$(date-d"yesterday"+"%m")/ mv${logs_path}bbs.linuxtone_access.log${logs_path}$(date-d"yesterday"+"%Y")/$(date-d"yesterday"+"%m")/bbs.linuxtone_access_$(date-d"yesterday"+"%Y%m%d").log kill-USR1`cat/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
crontab-e
0000***/bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持毛票票。