Oracle查询sql错误信息的控制和定位
在sqlplus中执行的sql出错之后应该如何处理和对应,多行sql语句或者存储过程的信息如何进行错误定位,这篇文章将结合实例进行简单地说明。
环境准备
使用Oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境,详细可参看:
- https://www.nhooo.com/article/153533.htm
如何进行错误定位
场景:
假如有3行insert的sql语句,中间一行出错之后,后续继续执行的情况下,如何定位到第二行?
dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace
通过使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace可以得到ERRORatlinexxx:的信息,这对我们较为有用,我们接下来进行确认
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$sqlplussystem/abcd1234@XE<SETSERVEROUTPUTON >descstudent >deletefromstudent; >select*fromstudent; >insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiaocn'); >insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiao'); >insertintostudentvalues(1003,'michael'); >select*fromstudent; >commit; >execdbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace); >EOF SQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.2.0ProductiononSunOct2113:06:072018 Copyright(c)1982,2011,Oracle.Allrightsreserved. Connectedto: OracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProduction SQL>SQL>NameNull?Type ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- STUIDNOTNULLNUMBER(4) STUNAMEVARCHAR2(50) SQL> 2rowsdeleted. SQL> norowsselected SQL> 1rowcreated. SQL>insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiao') * ERRORatline1: ORA-00001:uniqueconstraint(SYSTEM.SYS_C007024)violated SQL> 1rowcreated. SQL> STUIDSTUNAME ------------------------------------------------------------ 1001liumiaocn 1003michael SQL> Commitcomplete. SQL> PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted. SQL>DisconnectedfromOracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProduction oracle@e871d42341c0:~$
可以看到,报错的时候提示了行号,但是行号是1,这是因为这种写法以一行为单位,自然是如此,如果是单个多行的存储过程,将会更加清晰。
ERRORatline1: ORA-00001:uniqueconstraint(SYSTEM.SYS_C007024)violated
所以我们将这个例子进行改造,三行insert的sql放到文件之中,然后在使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace来进行确认
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$cat/tmp/sqltest1.sql descstudent deletefromstudent; select*fromstudent; insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiaocn'); insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiao'); insertintostudentvalues(1003,'michael'); select*fromstudent; commit; oracle@e871d42341c0:~$
然后在尝试一下是否能够确认行号,会发现仍然不能精确定位:
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$sqlplussystem/abcd1234@XE<SETSERVEROUTPUTON >@/tmp/sqltest1.sql >execdbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace); >EOF SQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.2.0ProductiononSunOct2113:08:272018 Copyright(c)1982,2011,Oracle.Allrightsreserved. Connectedto: OracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProduction SQL>SQL>NameNull?Type ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- STUIDNOTNULLNUMBER(4) STUNAMEVARCHAR2(50) 2rowsdeleted. norowsselected 1rowcreated. insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiao') * ERRORatline1: ORA-00001:uniqueconstraint(SYSTEM.SYS_C007024)violated 1rowcreated. STUIDSTUNAME ------------------------------------------------------------ 1001liumiaocn 1003michael Commitcomplete. SQL> PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted. SQL>DisconnectedfromOracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProduction oracle@e871d42341c0:~$
因为dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace更多的场景是在于存储过程的错误定位,接下来我们使用一个简单的存储过程例子来进行确认错误行号定位,先看一个正常的存储过程,把上面的内容稍微修改一下:
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$cat/tmp/addstudent.sql createorreplacePROCEDUREaddstudents IS student_countnumber; BEGIN deletefromstudent; selectcount(*)intostudent_countfromstudent; dbms_output.put('sqlsetcountbefore:'); dbms_output.put_line(student_count); insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiaocn'); insertintostudentvalues(1002,'liumiao'); insertintostudentvalues(1003,'michael'); selectcount(*)intostudent_countfromstudent; dbms_output.put('sqlsetcountafter:'); dbms_output.put_line(student_count); END; / execaddstudents(); oracle@e871d42341c0:~$
结果执行信息如下
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$sqlplussystem/liumiao123<SQL> Procedurecreated. sqlsetcountbefore:0 sqlsetcountafter:3 PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted. SQL>DisconnectedfromOracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProduction oracle@e871d42341c0:~$
接下来我们修改一下内容,使得第二行主键重复
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$cat/tmp/addstudent.sql createorreplacePROCEDUREaddstudents IS student_countnumber; BEGIN deletefromstudent; selectcount(*)intostudent_countfromstudent; dbms_output.put('sqlsetcountbefore:'); dbms_output.put_line(student_count); insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiaocn'); insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiao'); insertintostudentvalues(1003,'michael'); selectcount(*)intostudent_countfromstudent; dbms_output.put('sqlsetcountafter:'); dbms_output.put_line(student_count); END; / execaddstudents(); oracle@e871d42341c0:~$
再次执行,自然会出错,但是可以看到,正确报出了所在行数,这是procedure的机制提示的信息
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$sqlplussystem/liumiao123<SQL> Procedurecreated. sqlsetcountbefore:0 BEGINaddstudents();END; * ERRORatline1: ORA-00001:uniqueconstraint(SYSTEM.SYS_C007024)violated ORA-06512:at"SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS",line10 ORA-06512:atline1 SQL>DisconnectedfromOracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProduction oracle@e871d42341c0:~$
可以看到,ORA-06512:at“SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS”,line10的信息就是我们期待的信息,提示出在这个存储过程的第10行执行出现问题,而实际可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace结合exception给出更为清晰地方式,比如:
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$cat/tmp/addstudent.sql createorreplacePROCEDUREaddstudents IS student_countnumber; BEGIN deletefromstudent; selectcount(*)intostudent_countfromstudent; dbms_output.put('sqlsetcountbefore:'); dbms_output.put_line(student_count); insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiaocn'); insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiao'); insertintostudentvalues(1003,'michael'); selectcount(*)intostudent_countfromstudent; dbms_output.put('sqlsetcountafter:'); dbms_output.put_line(student_count); exception whenothersthen dbms_output.put('exceptionhappendwithlineinfo:'); dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace); END; / execaddstudents(); oracle@e871d42341c0:~$
执行结果确认:
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$sqlplussystem/liumiao123<SQL> Procedurecreated. sqlsetcountbefore:0 exceptionhappendwithlineinfo:ORA-06512:at"SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS",line10 PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted. SQL>DisconnectedfromOracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProduction oracle@e871d42341c0:~$
这样则可以看出能够比较清晰地进行错误的定位了,但是由于功能受限,所以实际使用场景仍然较为有限,但是定位存储过程的信息则可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace等进行确认。
小结
多行sql执行定位可以考虑拆成单行来确认,而存储过程则可结合format_error_backtrace等进行确认以提供问题出现的所在行号。
总结
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