python实现一个简单的ping工具方法
继上一篇计算checksum校验和，本章通过socket套接字，struct字节打包成二进制，select返回套接字的文件描述符的结合，实现一个简单的ping工具。
#!/usr/bin/python3.6.4
#!coding:utf-8
__author__='Rosefinch'
__date__='2018/5/3122:27'
importtime
importstruct
importsocket
importselect
importsys
defchesksum(data):
"""
校验
"""
n=len(data)
m=n%2
sum=0
foriinrange(0,n-m,2):
sum+=(data[i])+((data[i+1])<<8)#传入data以每两个字节（十六进制）通过ord转十进制，第一字节在低位，第二个字节在高位
ifm:
sum+=(data[-1])
#将高于16位与低16位相加
sum=(sum>>16)+(sum&0xffff)
sum+=(sum>>16)#如果还有高于16位，将继续与低16位相加
answer=~sum&0xffff
#主机字节序转网络字节序列（参考小端序转大端序）
answer=answer>>8|(answer<<8&0xff00)
returnanswer
'''
连接套接字,并将数据发送到套接字
'''
defraw_socket(dst_addr,imcp_packet):
rawsocket=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket.getprotobyname("icmp"))
send_request_ping_time=time.time()
#senddatatothesocket
rawsocket.sendto(imcp_packet,(dst_addr,80))
returnsend_request_ping_time,rawsocket,dst_addr
'''
requestping
'''
defrequest_ping(data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body):
#把字节打包成二进制数据
imcp_packet=struct.pack('>BBHHH32s',data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body)
icmp_chesksum=chesksum(imcp_packet)#获取校验和
imcp_packet=struct.pack('>BBHHH32s',data_type,data_code,icmp_chesksum,data_ID,data_Sequence,payload_body)
returnimcp_packet
'''
replyping
'''
defreply_ping(send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,data_Sequence,timeout=2):
whileTrue:
started_select=time.time()
what_ready=select.select([rawsocket],[],[],timeout)
wait_for_time=(time.time()-started_select)
ifwhat_ready[0]==[]:#Timeout
return-1
time_received=time.time()
received_packet,addr=rawsocket.recvfrom(1024)
icmpHeader=received_packet[20:28]
type,code,checksum,packet_id,sequence=struct.unpack(
">BBHHH",icmpHeader
)
iftype==0andsequence==data_Sequence:
returntime_received-send_request_ping_time
timeout=timeout-wait_for_time
iftimeout<=0:
return-1
'''
实现ping主机/ip
'''
defping(host):
data_type=8#ICMPEchoRequest
data_code=0#mustbezero
data_checksum=0#"...withvalue0substitutedforthisfield..."
data_ID=0#Identifier
data_Sequence=1#Sequencenumber
payload_body=b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghi'#data
dst_addr=socket.gethostbyname(host)#将主机名转ipv4地址格式，返回以ipv4地址格式的字符串，如果主机名称是ipv4地址，则它将保持不变
print("正在Ping{0}[{1}]具有32字节的数据:".format(host,dst_addr))
foriinrange(0,4):
icmp_packet=request_ping(data_type,data_code,data_checksum,data_ID,data_Sequence+i,payload_body)
send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,addr=raw_socket(dst_addr,icmp_packet)
times=reply_ping(send_request_ping_time,rawsocket,data_Sequence+i)
iftimes>0:
print("来自{0}的回复:字节=32时间={1}ms".format(addr,int(times*1000)))
time.sleep(0.7)
else:
print("请求超时。")
if__name__=="__main__":
iflen(sys.argv)<2:
sys.exit('Usage:ping.py')
ping(sys.argv[1])
>python.\Ping_tool.pywww.csdn.net 正在Pingwww.csdn.net[47.95.164.112]具有32字节的数据: 来自47.95.164.112的回复:字节=32时间=39ms 来自47.95.164.112的回复:字节=32时间=40ms 来自47.95.164.112的回复:字节=32时间=40ms 来自47.95.164.112的回复:字节=32时间=39ms
引用：
https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html
https://docs.python.org/3/library/select.html#select.select
https://docs.python.org/3/library/struct.html
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