Android实现蓝牙（BlueTooth）设备检测连接

2023-08-05 05:33:04 66

无论是WIFI还是4G网络，建立网络连接后都是访问互联网资源，并不能直接访问局域网资源。比如两个人在一起，A要把手机上的视频传给B，通常情况是打开手机QQ，通过QQ传送文件给对方。不过上传视频很耗流量，如果现场没有可用的WIFI，手机的数据流量又不足，那又该怎么办呢？为了解决这种邻近传输文件的问题，蓝牙技术应运而生。蓝牙技术是一种无线技术标准，可实现设备之间的短距离数据交换。

Android为蓝牙技术提供了4个工具类，分别是蓝牙适配器BluetoothAdapter、蓝牙设备BluetoothDevice、蓝牙服务端套接字BluetoothServerSocket和蓝牙客户端套接字BluetoothSocket。

蓝牙适配器BluetoothAdapter

BluetoothAdapter的作用其实跟其它的**Manger差不多，可以把它当作蓝牙管理器。下面是BluetoothAdapter的常用方法说明。

getDefaultAdapter：静态方法，获取默认的蓝牙适配器对象；
enable：打开蓝牙功能；
disable：关闭蓝牙功能；
isEnable：判断蓝牙功能是否打开；
startDiscovery：开始搜索周围的蓝牙设备；
cancelDiscovery：取消搜索操作；
isDiscovering：判断当前是否正在搜索设备；
getBondedDevices：获取已绑定的设备列表；
setName：设置本机的蓝牙名称；
getName：获取本机的蓝牙名称；
getAddress：获取本机的蓝牙地址；
getRemoteDevice：根据蓝牙地址获取远程的蓝牙设备；
getState：获取本地蓝牙适配器的状态；
listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord：根据名称和UUID创建并返回BluetoothServiceSocket；
listenUsingRfcommOn：根据渠道编号创建并返回BluetoothServiceSocket。

蓝牙设备BluetoothDevice

BluetoothDevice用于指代某个蓝牙设备，通常表示对方设备。BluetoothAdapter管理的是本机蓝牙设备。下面是BluetoothDevice的常用方法说明。

getName：获得该设备的名称；
getAddress：获得该设备的地址；
getBondState：获得该设备的绑定状态；
createBond：创建匹配对象；
createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord：根据UUID创建并返回一个BluetoothSocket。

蓝牙服务器套接字BluetoothServiceSocket

BluetoothServiceSocket是服务端的Socket，用来接收客户端的Socket连接请求。下面是常用的方法说明。

accept：监听外部的蓝牙连接请求；
close：关闭服务端的蓝牙监听。

蓝牙客户端套接字BluetoothSocket

BluetoothSocket是客户端的Socket，用于与对方设备进行数据通信。下面是常用的方法说明。

connect：建立蓝牙的socket连接；
close：关闭蓝牙的socket连接；
getInputStream：获取socket连接的输入流对象；
getOutputStream：获取socket连接的输出流对象；
getRemoteDevice：获取远程设备信息。

layout\activity_bluetooth.xml界面布局代码如下：界面布局代码如下：

BluetoothActivity.java逻辑代码如下：

packagecom.fukaimei.bluetoothtest;

importjava.io.IOException;
importjava.lang.reflect.Method;
importjava.util.ArrayList;

importandroid.app.AlertDialog;
importandroid.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
importandroid.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
importandroid.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
importandroid.content.BroadcastReceiver;
importandroid.content.Context;
importandroid.content.Intent;
importandroid.content.IntentFilter;
importandroid.content.pm.PackageManager;
importandroid.os.AsyncTask;
importandroid.os.Bundle;
importandroid.os.Handler;
importandroid.os.Message;
importandroid.support.annotation.NonNull;
importandroid.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
importandroid.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
importandroid.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
importandroid.util.Log;
importandroid.view.View;
importandroid.view.View.OnClickListener;
importandroid.widget.AdapterView;
importandroid.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
importandroid.widget.CheckBox;
importandroid.widget.CompoundButton;
importandroid.widget.ListView;
importandroid.widget.CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener;
importandroid.widget.TextView;
importandroid.widget.Toast;

importcom.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.adapter.BlueListAdapter;
importcom.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.bean.BlueDevice;
importcom.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.BlueAcceptTask;
importcom.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.BlueConnectTask;
importcom.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.BlueReceiveTask;
importcom.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.util.BluetoothUtil;
importcom.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.widget.InputDialogFragment;

publicclassBluetoothActivityextendsAppCompatActivityimplements
OnClickListener,OnItemClickListener,OnCheckedChangeListener,
BlueConnectTask.BlueConnectListener,InputDialogFragment.InputCallbacks,BlueAcceptTask.BlueAcceptListener{
privatestaticfinalStringTAG="BluetoothActivity";
privateCheckBoxck_bluetooth;
privateTextViewtv_discovery;
privateListViewlv_bluetooth;
privateBluetoothAdaptermBluetooth;
privateArrayListmDeviceList=newArrayList();

@Override
protectedvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_bluetooth);
bluetoothPermissions();
ck_bluetooth=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.ck_bluetooth);
tv_discovery=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv_discovery);
lv_bluetooth=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.lv_bluetooth);
if(BluetoothUtil.getBlueToothStatus(this)==true){
ck_bluetooth.setChecked(true);
}
ck_bluetooth.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
tv_discovery.setOnClickListener(this);
mBluetooth=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if(mBluetooth==null){
Toast.makeText(this,"本机未找到蓝牙功能",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
}

//定义获取基于地理位置的动态权限
privatevoidbluetoothPermissions(){
if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,newString[]{
android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},1);
}
}

/**
*重写onRequestPermissionsResult方法
*获取动态权限请求的结果,再开启蓝牙
*/
@Override
publicvoidonRequestPermissionsResult(intrequestCode,@NonNullString[]permissions,@NonNullint[]grantResults){
if(requestCode==1&&grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
if(BluetoothUtil.getBlueToothStatus(this)==true){
ck_bluetooth.setChecked(true);
}
ck_bluetooth.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
tv_discovery.setOnClickListener(this);
mBluetooth=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if(mBluetooth==null){
Toast.makeText(this,"本机未找到蓝牙功能",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
}else{
Toast.makeText(this,"用户拒绝了权限",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode,permissions,grantResults);
}

@Override
publicvoidonCheckedChanged(CompoundButtonbuttonView,booleanisChecked){
if(buttonView.getId()==R.id.ck_bluetooth){
if(isChecked==true){
beginDiscovery();
Intentintent=newIntent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
startActivityForResult(intent,1);
//下面这行代码为服务端需要，客户端不需要
mHandler.postDelayed(mAccept,1000);
}else{
cancelDiscovery();
BluetoothUtil.setBlueToothStatus(this,false);
mDeviceList.clear();
BlueListAdapteradapter=newBlueListAdapter(this,mDeviceList);
lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);
}
}
}

privateRunnablemAccept=newRunnable(){
@Override
publicvoidrun(){
if(mBluetooth.getState()==BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON){
BlueAcceptTaskacceptTask=newBlueAcceptTask(true);
acceptTask.setBlueAcceptListener(BluetoothActivity.this);
acceptTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR);
}else{
mHandler.postDelayed(this,1000);
}
}
};

@Override
publicvoidonClick(Viewv){
if(v.getId()==R.id.tv_discovery){
beginDiscovery();
}
}

@Override
protectedvoidonActivityResult(intrequestCode,intresultCode,Intentintent){
super.onActivityResult(requestCode,resultCode,intent);
if(requestCode==1){
if(resultCode==RESULT_OK){
Toast.makeText(this,"允许本地蓝牙被附近的其它蓝牙设备发现",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}elseif(resultCode==RESULT_CANCELED){
Toast.makeText(this,"不允许蓝牙被附近的其它蓝牙设备发现",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}

privateRunnablemRefresh=newRunnable(){
@Override
publicvoidrun(){
beginDiscovery();
mHandler.postDelayed(this,2000);
}
};

privatevoidbeginDiscovery(){
if(mBluetooth.isDiscovering()!=true){
mDeviceList.clear();
BlueListAdapteradapter=newBlueListAdapter(BluetoothActivity.this,mDeviceList);
lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);
tv_discovery.setText("正在搜索蓝牙设备");
mBluetooth.startDiscovery();
}
}

privatevoidcancelDiscovery(){
mHandler.removeCallbacks(mRefresh);
tv_discovery.setText("取消搜索蓝牙设备");
if(mBluetooth.isDiscovering()==true){
mBluetooth.cancelDiscovery();
}
}

@Override
protectedvoidonStart(){
super.onStart();
mHandler.postDelayed(mRefresh,50);
blueReceiver=newBluetoothReceiver();
//需要过滤多个动作，则调用IntentFilter对象的addAction添加新动作
IntentFilterfoundFilter=newIntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
foundFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
foundFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
registerReceiver(blueReceiver,foundFilter);
}

@Override
protectedvoidonStop(){
super.onStop();
cancelDiscovery();
unregisterReceiver(blueReceiver);
}

privateBluetoothReceiverblueReceiver;

privateclassBluetoothReceiverextendsBroadcastReceiver{
@Override
publicvoidonReceive(Contextcontext,Intentintent){
Stringaction=intent.getAction();
Log.d(TAG,"onReceiveaction="+action);
//获得已经搜索到的蓝牙设备
if(action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)){
BluetoothDevicedevice=intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
BlueDeviceitem=newBlueDevice(device.getName(),device.getAddress(),device.getBondState()-10);
mDeviceList.add(item);
BlueListAdapteradapter=newBlueListAdapter(BluetoothActivity.this,mDeviceList);
lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);
lv_bluetooth.setOnItemClickListener(BluetoothActivity.this);
}elseif(action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)){
mHandler.removeCallbacks(mRefresh);
tv_discovery.setText("蓝牙设备搜索完成");
}elseif(action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)){
BluetoothDevicedevice=intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
if(device.getBondState()==BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING){
tv_discovery.setText("正在配对"+device.getName());
}elseif(device.getBondState()==BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED){
tv_discovery.setText("完成配对"+device.getName());
mHandler.postDelayed(mRefresh,50);
}elseif(device.getBondState()==BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE){
tv_discovery.setText("取消配对"+device.getName());
}
}
}
}

@Override
publicvoidonItemClick(AdapterViewparent,Viewview,intposition,longid){
cancelDiscovery();
BlueDeviceitem=mDeviceList.get(position);
BluetoothDevicedevice=mBluetooth.getRemoteDevice(item.address);
try{
if(device.getBondState()==BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE){
MethodcreateBondMethod=BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("createBond");
Log.d(TAG,"开始配对");
Booleanresult=(Boolean)createBondMethod.invoke(device);
}elseif(device.getBondState()==BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED&&
item.state!=BlueListAdapter.CONNECTED){
tv_discovery.setText("开始连接");
BlueConnectTaskconnectTask=newBlueConnectTask(item.address);
connectTask.setBlueConnectListener(this);
connectTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR,device);
}elseif(device.getBondState()==BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED&&
item.state==BlueListAdapter.CONNECTED){
tv_discovery.setText("正在发送消息");
InputDialogFragmentdialog=InputDialogFragment.newInstance(
"",0,"请输入要发送的消息");
StringfragTag=getResources().getString(R.string.app_name);
dialog.show(getFragmentManager(),fragTag);
}
}catch(Exceptione){
e.printStackTrace();
tv_discovery.setText("配对异常："+e.getMessage());
}
}

//向对方发送消息
@Override
publicvoidonInput(Stringtitle,Stringmessage,inttype){
Log.d(TAG,"onInputmessage="+message);
Log.d(TAG,"mBlueSocketis"+(mBlueSocket==null?"null":"notnull"));
BluetoothUtil.writeOutputStream(mBlueSocket,message);
}

privateBluetoothSocketmBlueSocket;

//客户端主动连接
@Override
publicvoidonBlueConnect(Stringaddress,BluetoothSocketsocket){
mBlueSocket=socket;
tv_discovery.setText("连接成功");
refreshAddress(address);
}

//刷新已连接的状态
privatevoidrefreshAddress(Stringaddress){
for(inti=0;i
添加蓝牙所需的相应权限：





Demo程序运行效果界面截图如下：

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Android实现蓝牙（BlueTooth）设备检测连接

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