Android中网络框架简单封装的实例方法
Android中网络框架的简单封装
前言
Android作为一款主要应用在移动终端的操作系统,访问网络是必不可少的功能。访问网络,最基本的接口有:HttpUrlConnection,HttpClient,而在后续的发展中,出现了Volley,OkHttp,Retrofit等网络封装库。由于各种原因,在实际的项目开发中,我们可能会需要在项目的版本迭代中,切换网络框架。如果对于网络框架没有好的封装,那么当需要切换网络框架时,可能就会有大量的迁移工作要做。
封装网络框架
在架构设计中,面向接口和抽象,是解耦的一个重要原则。本文将基于这一原则,实现一个简单的网络框架封装。
定义网络访问的接口
抽取出不同网络框架的共同方法,定义成接口方法。
publicinterfaceIHttpLoader{ /** *GET方式请求 * *@paramurl *@paramparams *@paramcallback */ voidget(Stringurl,Mapparams,IHttpCallbackcallback); /** *POST方式请求 * *@paramurl *@paramparams *@paramcallback */ voidpost(Stringurl,Map params,IHttpCallbackcallback); }
定义网络访问的Callback
publicinterfaceIHttpCallback{ /** *成功时的回调 * *@paramresult */ voidonSuccess(Stringresult); /** *失败时的回调 * *@parammsg */ voidonFailed(Stringmsg); }
定义具体的接口实现类
分别对具体的网络框架进行接口实现,这里以Volley和OkHttp为例
Volley的实现类
publicclassVolleyHttpLoaderimplementsIHttpLoader{ privatestaticRequestQueuemRequestQueue; publicVolleyHttpLoader(Contextcontext){ mRequestQueue=Volley.newRequestQueue(context); } @Override publicvoidget(Stringurl,Mapparams,finalIHttpCallbackcallback){ StringRequestrequest=newStringRequest(Request.Method.GET,url, newResponse.Listener (){ @Override publicvoidonResponse(Strings){ callback.onSuccess(s); } },newResponse.ErrorListener(){ @Override publicvoidonErrorResponse(VolleyErrorvolleyError){ callback.onFailed(volleyError.toString()); } }); mRequestQueue.add(request); } @Override publicvoidpost(Stringurl,Map params,finalIHttpCallbackcallback){ StringRequestrequest=newStringRequest(Request.Method.POST,url, newResponse.Listener (){ @Override publicvoidonResponse(Strings){ callback.onSuccess(s); } },newResponse.ErrorListener(){ @Override publicvoidonErrorResponse(VolleyErrorvolleyError){ callback.onFailed(volleyError.toString()); } }); mRequestQueue.add(request); } }
OkHttp的实现类
publicclassOkHttpLoaderimplementsIHttpLoader{ privatestaticOkHttpClientmOkHttpClient; publicOkHttpLoader(){ mOkHttpClient=newOkHttpClient(); } @Override publicvoidget(Stringurl,Mapparams,finalIHttpCallbackcallback){ Requestrequest=newRequest.Builder().url(url).build(); mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(newCallback(){ @Override publicvoidonFailure(@NotNullCallcall,@NotNullIOExceptione){ callback.onFailed(e.toString()); } @Override publicvoidonResponse(@NotNullCallcall,@NotNullResponseresponse)throwsIOException{ if(response.isSuccessful()){ Stringresult=response.body().string(); callback.onSuccess(result); }else{ callback.onFailed(response.message()); } } }); } @Override publicvoidpost(Stringurl,Map params,finalIHttpCallbackcallback){ RequestBodyrequestBody=appendBody(params); Requestrequest=newRequest.Builder().post(requestBody).url(url).build(); mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(newCallback(){ @Override publicvoidonFailure(@NotNullCallcall,@NotNullIOExceptione){ callback.onFailed(e.toString()); } @Override publicvoidonResponse(@NotNullCallcall,@NotNullResponseresponse)throwsIOException{ if(response.isSuccessful()){ Stringresult=response.body().string(); callback.onSuccess(result); }else{ callback.onFailed(response.message()); } } }); } privateRequestBodyappendBody(Map params){ FormBody.Builderbody=newFormBody.Builder(); if(params==null||params.isEmpty()){ returnbody.build(); } for(Map.Entry entry:params.entrySet()){ body.add(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue().toString()); } returnbody.build(); } }
定义Callback的实现
publicabstractclassHttpCallbackimplementsIHttpCallback{ @Override publicvoidonSuccess(Stringresult){ Gsongson=newGson(); Class>clazz=analysisClazzInfo(this); ResultresultObj=(Result)gson.fromJson(result,clazz); onSuccess(resultObj); } /** *成功时的回调 * *@paramresult */ publicabstractvoidonSuccess(Resultresult); privateClass>analysisClazzInfo(Objectobject){ TypegenType=object.getClass().getGenericSuperclass(); Type[]params=((ParameterizedType)genType).getActualTypeArguments(); return(Class>)params[0]; } }
返回的数据Bean
publicclassData{ privateinterrorCode; privateStringerrorMsg; privateListdata; publicintgetErrorCode(){ returnerrorCode; } publicvoidsetErrorCode(interrorCode){ this.errorCode=errorCode; } publicStringgetErrorMsg(){ returnerrorMsg; } publicvoidsetErrorMsg(StringerrorMsg){ this.errorMsg=errorMsg; } publicList getData(){ returndata; } publicvoidsetData(List data){ this.data=data; } publicstaticclassDataBean{ privateintcourseId; privateintid; privateStringname; privateintorder; privateintparentChapterId; privatebooleanuserControlSetTop; privateintvisible; privateList>children; publicintgetCourseId(){ returncourseId; } publicvoidsetCourseId(intcourseId){ this.courseId=courseId; } publicintgetId(){ returnid; } publicvoidsetId(intid){ this.id=id; } publicStringgetName(){ returnname; } publicvoidsetName(Stringname){ this.name=name; } publicintgetOrder(){ returnorder; } publicvoidsetOrder(intorder){ this.order=order; } publicintgetParentChapterId(){ returnparentChapterId; } publicvoidsetParentChapterId(intparentChapterId){ this.parentChapterId=parentChapterId; } publicbooleanisUserControlSetTop(){ returnuserControlSetTop; } publicvoidsetUserControlSetTop(booleanuserControlSetTop){ this.userControlSetTop=userControlSetTop; } publicintgetVisible(){ returnvisible; } publicvoidsetVisible(intvisible){ this.visible=visible; } publicList>getChildren(){ returnchildren; } publicvoidsetChildren(List>children){ this.children=children; } @Override publicStringtoString(){ return"DataBean{"+ "courseId="+courseId+ ",id="+id+ ",name='"+name+'\''+ ",order="+order+ ",parentChapterId="+parentChapterId+ ",userControlSetTop="+userControlSetTop+ ",visible="+visible+ ",children="+children+ '}'; } } @Override publicStringtoString(){ return"Data{"+ "errorCode="+errorCode+ ",errorMsg='"+errorMsg+'\''+ ",data="+data+ '}'; } }
定义统一管理类
publicclassHttpHelperimplementsIHttpLoader{ privatestaticIHttpLoadermHttpLoader; privateHttpHelper(){ } publicstaticvoidinit(IHttpLoaderhttpLoader){ mHttpLoader=httpLoader; } publicstaticHttpHelperobtain(){ returnHttpHelperHolder.INSTANCE; } staticclassHttpHelperHolder{ privatestaticHttpHelperINSTANCE=newHttpHelper(); } @Override publicvoidget(Stringurl,Mapparams,IHttpCallbackcallback){ mHttpLoader.get(url,params,callback); } @Override publicvoidpost(Stringurl,Map params,IHttpCallbackcallback){ mHttpLoader.post(url,params,callback); } }
在Application中初始化
定义一个继承自Application的类,在onCreate方法中初始化网络访问
publicclassAppextendsApplication{ @Override publicvoidonCreate(){ super.onCreate(); //HttpHelper.init(newOkHttpLoader()); HttpHelper.init(newVolleyHttpLoader(this)); } }
后续如果需要切换网络框架,只需要在这里修改就可以了。
应用
publicclassMainActivityextendsAppCompatActivity{ privatestaticfinalStringURL_HTTP="https://www.wanandroid.com/wxarticle/chapters/json"; privateImageViewmIv; @Override protectedvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mTv=findViewById(R.id.tv); findViewById(R.id.btn_get).setOnClickListener(newView.OnClickListener(){ @Override publicvoidonClick(Viewv){ HttpHelper.obtain().get(URL_HTTP,null,newHttpCallback(){ @Override publicvoidonFailed(finalStringmsg){ runOnUiThread(newRunnable(){ @Override publicvoidrun(){ mTv.setText(msg); } }); } @Override publicvoidonSuccess(finalDatadata){ runOnUiThread(newRunnable(){ @Override publicvoidrun(){ mTv.setText(data.toString()); } }); } }); } }); } }
结束
这里介绍的,其实只是一个封装的思路。基于这个思路,还可以封装常用的图片访问库等。可以自由拓展。
源码地址:https://github.com/milovetingting/Samples/tree/master/Loader
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