C++实现比特币系统的源码

2023-07-06 14:05:04 81

这是我最近写的一个近乎于完整的模拟比特币的代码，实际上还不够完整，不过已经能实现打包交易进入区块，然后挖矿了。这个程序是只有一个节点在挖矿，所以暂时也不涉及分布式系统的东西，还算比较简单容易理解。这个程序就是整个网络中一个节点的视角。分享出来希望对大家有所帮助。

部署过程就是把代码统统贴过去，要注意的就是代码中有两个文件的路径，要手动改一下，代码中有两个文件的路径，要手动改一下，代码中有两个文件的路径，要手动改一下，重要的事情说三遍，然后就可以运行，观察比特币挖矿过程啦！有问题欢迎提问。

Blockchain.h这个没什么说的，创建一个区块链类

#pragmaonce
#include"Block.h"
#include//向量库
classBlockchain
{
public:
	Blockchain();//默认构造函数
	voidAddBlock(BlockbNew);//增加区块函数
	uint32_t_nDifficulty;//难度值
	vector_vChain;//保存区块的变量
	Block_GetLastBlock()const;//获取最新的区块，由const关键字，表示输出的内容不可更改
};

Blockchain.cpp修改难度值在这里修改Blockchain的构造函数中的nDifficulty就可以了。

#include"Blockchain.h"
Blockchain::Blockchain()
{
	_vChain.emplace_back(Block(0,"GenesisBlock"));
	_nDifficulty=4;//难度值设置3基本上秒出结果，4可以看出差距，5大约要等2分钟左右。
}
voidBlockchain::AddBlock(BlockbNew)
{
	bNew.sPrevHash=_GetLastBlock().GetHash();
	bNew.MineBlock(_nDifficulty);
	_vChain.push_back(bNew);
	bNew.WriteBlcokToTXT();//调用区块类中的写文件方法
}

BlockBlockchain::_GetLastBlock()const
{
	return_vChain.back();
}

Block.h这里是声明区块类

#pragmaonce
#include//包含了uint32_t等无符号整型
#include//标准输入输出库
#include
usingnamespacestd;
statictime_tfirst_time=0;//这个地方是为了记录每个区块产生距离第一个区块的时间而设置的全局变量
//创建区块类
classBlock
{
public:
	stringsPrevHash;//前一个区块的哈希值
	Block(uint32_tnIndexIn,conststring&sDataIn);//构造函数
	stringGetHash();//返回哈希值
	voidMineBlock(uint32_tnDifficulty);//挖矿，其参数nDifficulty表示指定的难度值
	voidNoMineBlock();//不挖矿直接添加区块
	uint32_t_nIndex;//区块索引值，第几个区块，从0开始计算
	int64_t_nNonce;//区块随机数
	string_sData;//区块描述字符
	string_sHash;//区块Hash值
	time_t_tTime;//区块生成时间
	string_CalculateHash()const;//计算Hash值，const保证输出的函数值不能被改变。
	voidWriteBlcokToTXT();//将区块数据写入到TXT文件中
};

Block.cpp

#include"Block.h"
#include"sha256.h"
#include"time.h"
#include
Block::Block(uint32_tnIndexIn,conststring&sDataIn):_nIndex(nIndexIn),_sData(sDataIn)
//构造函数Block的两个参数为nIndexIn和sDataIn，分别赋值到Block中的_nIndex和_sData（构造函数初始化用法）
{
	_nNonce=-1;//Nounce设置为-1
	_tTime=time(nullptr);//设置时间
	if(nIndexIn==0)//此处整个时间记录下来是为了记录当前区块生成所需要的时间，而不是当前时间
		first_time=_tTime;
}
stringBlock::GetHash()//返回哈希值函数的实现
{
	return_sHash;
}
voidBlock::MineBlock(uint32_tnDifficulty)//挖矿函数，参数为难度值。
{
	//charcstr[nDifficulty+1];
	charcstr[10+1];//这个数组实际上设置多大都可以，但是要大于nDifficulty的值
	for(uint32_ti=0;inDifficulty的内容
	//要寻找一个Nounce使得总体哈希值的前n位的0（即0的个数）和难度值的个数相同，则挖矿成功。
	cout<<"Blockmined:"<<_sHash<
sha256.h这是一个哈希算法，没什么说的，网上抄的，这个东西我到现在也没看懂，太深奥了。但是只要知道功能就行了。
#pragmaonce

#ifndefSHA256_H
#defineSHA256_H
#include

classSHA256
{
protected:
	typedefunsignedcharuint8;
	typedefunsignedintuint32;
	typedefunsignedlonglonguint64;

	conststaticuint32sha256_k[];
	staticconstunsignedintSHA224_256_BLOCK_SIZE=(512/8);
public:
	voidinit();
	voidupdate(constunsignedchar*message,unsignedintlen);
	voidfinal(unsignedchar*digest);
	staticconstunsignedintDIGEST_SIZE=(256/8);

protected:
	voidtransform(constunsignedchar*message,unsignedintblock_nb);
	unsignedintm_tot_len;
	unsignedintm_len;
	unsignedcharm_block[2*SHA224_256_BLOCK_SIZE];
	uint32m_h[8];
};

std::stringsha256(std::stringinput);

#defineSHA2_SHFR(x,n)(x>>n)
#defineSHA2_ROTR(x,n)((x>>n)|(x<<((sizeof(x)<<3)-n)))
#defineSHA2_ROTL(x,n)((x<>((sizeof(x)<<3)-n)))
#defineSHA2_CH(x,y,z)((x&y)^(~x&z))
#defineSHA2_MAJ(x,y,z)((x&y)^(x&z)^(y&z))
#defineSHA256_F1(x)(SHA2_ROTR(x,2)^SHA2_ROTR(x,13)^SHA2_ROTR(x,22))
#defineSHA256_F2(x)(SHA2_ROTR(x,6)^SHA2_ROTR(x,11)^SHA2_ROTR(x,25))
#defineSHA256_F3(x)(SHA2_ROTR(x,7)^SHA2_ROTR(x,18)^SHA2_SHFR(x,3))
#defineSHA256_F4(x)(SHA2_ROTR(x,17)^SHA2_ROTR(x,19)^SHA2_SHFR(x,10))
#defineSHA2_UNPACK32(x,str)\
{\
*((str)+3)=(uint8)((x));\
*((str)+2)=(uint8)((x)>>8);\
*((str)+1)=(uint8)((x)>>16);\
*((str)+0)=(uint8)((x)>>24);\
}
#defineSHA2_PACK32(str,x)\
{\
*(x)=((uint32)*((str)+3))\
|((uint32)*((str)+2)<<8)\
|((uint32)*((str)+1)<<16)\
|((uint32)*((str)+0)<<24);\
}
#endif
sha256.cpp
#define_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include
#include
#include"sha256.h"

constunsignedintSHA256::sha256_k[64]=//UL=uint32
{0x428a2f98,0x71374491,0xb5c0fbcf,0xe9b5dba5,
0x3956c25b,0x59f111f1,0x923f82a4,0xab1c5ed5,
0xd807aa98,0x12835b01,0x243185be,0x550c7dc3,
0x72be5d74,0x80deb1fe,0x9bdc06a7,0xc19bf174,
0xe49b69c1,0xefbe4786,0x0fc19dc6,0x240ca1cc,
0x2de92c6f,0x4a7484aa,0x5cb0a9dc,0x76f988da,
0x983e5152,0xa831c66d,0xb00327c8,0xbf597fc7,
0xc6e00bf3,0xd5a79147,0x06ca6351,0x14292967,
0x27b70a85,0x2e1b2138,0x4d2c6dfc,0x53380d13,
0x650a7354,0x766a0abb,0x81c2c92e,0x92722c85,
0xa2bfe8a1,0xa81a664b,0xc24b8b70,0xc76c51a3,
0xd192e819,0xd6990624,0xf40e3585,0x106aa070,
0x19a4c116,0x1e376c08,0x2748774c,0x34b0bcb5,
0x391c0cb3,0x4ed8aa4a,0x5b9cca4f,0x682e6ff3,
0x748f82ee,0x78a5636f,0x84c87814,0x8cc70208,
0x90befffa,0xa4506ceb,0xbef9a3f7,0xc67178f2};

voidSHA256::transform(constunsignedchar*message,unsignedintblock_nb)
{
	uint32w[64];
	uint32wv[8];
	uint32t1,t2;
	constunsignedchar*sub_block;
	inti;
	intj;
	for(i=0;i<(int)block_nb;i++){
		sub_block=message+(i<<6);
		for(j=0;j<16;j++){
			SHA2_PACK32(&sub_block[j<<2],&w[j]);
		}
		for(j=16;j<64;j++){
			w[j]=SHA256_F4(w[j-2])+w[j-7]+SHA256_F3(w[j-15])+w[j-16];
		}
		for(j=0;j<8;j++){
			wv[j]=m_h[j];
		}
		for(j=0;j<64;j++){
			t1=wv[7]+SHA256_F2(wv[4])+SHA2_CH(wv[4],wv[5],wv[6])
				+sha256_k[j]+w[j];
			t2=SHA256_F1(wv[0])+SHA2_MAJ(wv[0],wv[1],wv[2]);
			wv[7]=wv[6];
			wv[6]=wv[5];
			wv[5]=wv[4];
			wv[4]=wv[3]+t1;
			wv[3]=wv[2];
			wv[2]=wv[1];
			wv[1]=wv[0];
			wv[0]=t1+t2;
		}
		for(j=0;j<8;j++){
			m_h[j]+=wv[j];
		}
	}
}

voidSHA256::init()
{
	m_h[0]=0x6a09e667;
	m_h[1]=0xbb67ae85;
	m_h[2]=0x3c6ef372;
	m_h[3]=0xa54ff53a;
	m_h[4]=0x510e527f;
	m_h[5]=0x9b05688c;
	m_h[6]=0x1f83d9ab;
	m_h[7]=0x5be0cd19;
	m_len=0;
	m_tot_len=0;
}

voidSHA256::update(constunsignedchar*message,unsignedintlen)
{
	unsignedintblock_nb;
	unsignedintnew_len,rem_len,tmp_len;
	constunsignedchar*shifted_message;
	tmp_len=SHA224_256_BLOCK_SIZE-m_len;
	rem_len=len
user.h创建一个用户类
#pragmaonce
#include//标准输入输出库
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include"BlockChain.h"
#include"sha256.h"
usingnamespacestd;
classUser
{
public:
	BlockchainuBlockchain;//当前节点创建一个自己的区块链，因为每个用户都保存一条自己的区块链
	stringbatchTX();//打包交易
};
user.cpp这里是实现用户的打包交易，通过默克尔树的方式将若干条交易打包。其中300TXdata.txt后面我会贴上，一定注意文件的路径问题，不然可能运行不了。（大神当我没说）。
#include"user.h"
stringUser::batchTX()
{
ifstreammyfile("300TXdata.txt");//读取txt文档中的300条交易数据
stringtemp[300];
inti=0;
if(!myfile.is_open())
{
cout<<"未成功打开文件"<
TestforBitcoin.cpp这就是测试程序了，我是假设100个用户中某个用户挖矿成功了，然后来挖矿。实际上不是这样的过程，而是先挖矿才知道是哪个用户挖矿成功，不过对于一个用户来说，都无所谓了，只是为了模拟的逼真一点，加了个随机数。
#include
#include
#include"Blockchain.h"
#include"user.h"
#include
#include
#include
#include"time.h"
#include"sha256.h"
usingnamespacestd;
intmain()
{
	srand((int)time(0));//随机数种子
	BlockchainbChain=Blockchain();//首先创建一个区块链
	Useruser[100];//创建100个用户
	intminer_id;
	for(inti=0;i<100000;i++)//十万次出块，记录出块速度
	{
		miner_id=rand()%100;
		for(intj=0;j<100;j++)
		{
			user[j].uBlockchain=bChain;//把100个节点的区块链初始化。
		}
		user[miner_id].uBlockchain=bChain;//对挖矿区块初始化
		printf("Miningblock%d...\n",i);
		user[miner_id].uBlockchain.AddBlock(Block(i,user[miner_id].batchTX()));
		bChain=user[miner_id].uBlockchain;
		printf("MinerIDis%d...\n",miner_id);
	}
	system("pause");
	return0;
}
300dataTX.txt这里包含了300条交易，用户A->用户B的转账，以及金额，这个东西我是用一个程序模拟生成的，如果需要这个这个程序我之后再发出来。 
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