浅谈matplotlib默认字体设置探索
控制默认字体的设置
根据官方文档https://matplotlib.org/tutorials/text/text_props.html#default-font可知：
ThebasedefaultfontiscontrolledbyasetofrcParams
默认字体是由一组rcParams控制的。
| rcParam | usage |
|---|---|
| ‘font.family' | Listofeithernamesoffontor{‘cursive',‘fantasy',‘monospace',‘sans',‘sansserif',‘sans-serif',‘serif'} |
| ‘font.style' | Thedefaultstyle,ex‘normal',‘italic' |
| ‘font.variant' | Defaultvariant,ex‘normal',‘small-caps'(untested) |
| ‘font.stretch' | Defaultstretch,ex‘normal',‘condensed'(incomplete) |
| ‘font.weight' | Defaultweight.Eitherstringorinteger |
| ‘font.size' | Defaultfontsizeinpoints.Relativefontsizes(‘large',‘x-small')arecomputedagainstthissize |
我们最关心的当然是'font.family'，'font.family'的取值有三种：
- 单一字体名称。
- 字体名称列表。
- {'cursive','fantasy','monospace','sans','sansserif','sans-serif','serif'}中的某一个值。
对于字体名称，可以通过ttflist获取。
frommatplotlib.font_managerimportfontManager fontManager.ttflist
对于{'cursive','fantasy','monospace','sans','sansserif','sans-serif','serif'}，它与实际字体名称之间的映射关系由以下rcParams控制:
| familyalias | rcParamwithmappings |
|---|---|
| ‘serif' | ‘font.serif' |
| ‘monospace' | ‘font.monospace' |
| ‘fantasy' | ‘font.fantasy' |
| ‘cursive' | ‘font.cursive' |
| {‘sans',‘sansserif',‘sans-serif'} | ‘font.sans-serif' |
'font.sans-serif'等取值其实都代表一个字体列表。
如何设置默认字体
官方文档给出了设置默认字体的方法建议：
Tosetthedefaultfonttobeonethatsupportsthecodepointsyouneed,prependthefontnameto‘font.family'orthedesiredaliaslists
matplotlib.rcParams[‘font.sans-serif']=[‘SourceHanSansTW',‘sans-serif']
orsetitinyour.matplotlibrcfile:
font.sans-serif:SourceHanSansTW,Arial,sans-serif
Tocontrolthefontusedonper-artistbasisusethe‘name',‘fontname'or‘fontproperties'kwargsdocumentedabove.
- 通过常见的方法设置：matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SourceHanSansTW','sans-serif']
- 设置.matplotlibrc文件
.matplotlibrc文件中的字体设置
配置文件中重要的就是'font.sans-serif'等字体家族列表，列表是有优先级的，越靠前字体的优先级越高，所有很多教程中都要求把需要设置的字体设置为列表的第一个元素。
##*************************************************************************** ##*FONT* ##*************************************************************************** ##Thefontpropertiesusedby`text.Text`. ##Seehttps://matplotlib.org/api/font_manager_api.htmlformoreinformation ##onfontproperties.The6fontpropertiesusedforfontmatchingare ##givenbelowwiththeirdefaultvalues. ## ##Thefont.familypropertyhasfivevalues: ##-'serif'(e.g.,Times), ##-'sans-serif'(e.g.,Helvetica), ##-'cursive'(e.g.,Zapf-Chancery), ##-'fantasy'(e.g.,Western),and ##-'monospace'(e.g.,Courier). ##Eachofthesefontfamilieshasadefaultlistoffontnamesindecreasing ##orderofpriorityassociatedwiththem.Whentext.usetexisFalse, ##font.familymayalsobeoneormoreconcretefontnames. ## ##Thefont.stylepropertyhasthreevalues:normal(orroman),italic ##oroblique.Theobliquestylewillbeusedforitalic,ifitisnot ##present. ## ##Thefont.variantpropertyhastwovalues:normalorsmall-caps.For ##TrueTypefonts,whicharescalablefonts,small-capsisequivalent ##tousingafontsizeof'smaller',orabout83%%ofthecurrentfont ##size. ## ##Thefont.weightpropertyhaseffectively13values:normal,bold, ##bolder,lighter,100,200,300,...,900.Normalisthesameas ##400,andboldis700.bolderandlighterarerelativevalueswith ##respecttothecurrentweight. ## ##Thefont.stretchpropertyhas11values:ultra-condensed, ##extra-condensed,condensed,semi-condensed,normal,semi-expanded, ##expanded,extra-expanded,ultra-expanded,wider,andnarrower.This ##propertyisnotcurrentlyimplemented. ## ##Thefont.sizepropertyisthedefaultfontsizefortext,giveninpts. ##10ptisthestandardvalue. ## ##Notethatfont.sizecontrolsdefaulttextsizes.Toconfigure ##specialtextsizesticklabels,axes,labels,title,etc,seetherc ##settingsforaxesandticks.Specialtextsizescanbedefined ##relativetofont.size,usingthefollowingvalues:xx-small,x-small, ##small,medium,large,x-large,xx-large,larger,orsmaller #font.family:sans-serif #font.style:normal #font.variant:normal #font.weight:normal #font.stretch:normal #font.size:10.0 #font.serif:DejaVuSerif,BitstreamVeraSerif,ComputerModernRoman,NewCenturySchoolbook,CenturySchoolbookL,Utopia,ITCBookman,Bookman,NimbusRomanNo9L,TimesNewRoman,Times,Palatino,Charter,serif #font.sans-serif:DejaVuSans,BitstreamVeraSans,ComputerModernSansSerif,LucidaGrande,Verdana,Geneva,Lucid,Arial,Helvetica,AvantGarde,sans-serif #font.cursive:AppleChancery,Textile,ZapfChancery,Sand,ScriptMT,Felipa,cursive #font.fantasy:ComicNeue,ComicSansMS,Chicago,Charcoal,ImpactWestern,HumorSans,xkcd,fantasy #font.monospace:DejaVuSansMono,BitstreamVeraSansMono,ComputerModernTypewriter,AndaleMono,NimbusMonoL,CourierNew,Courier,Fixed,Terminal,monospace
通过rc函数设置默认字体属性的方法
根据文档可知
传统的字体设置方法plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['simhei']等价于
font={'sans-serif':['simhei']}
plt.rc('font',**font)
matplotlib.pyplot.rc(group,**kwargs)
SetthecurrentrcParams.groupisthegroupingfortherc,e.g.,forlines.linewidththegroupislines,foraxes.facecolor,thegroupisaxes,andsoon.Groupmayalsobealistortupleofgroupnames,e.g.,(xtick,ytick).kwargsisadictionaryattributename/valuepairs,e.g.,:
rc('lines',linewidth=2,color='r')
setsthecurrentrcParamsandisequivalentto:
rcParams['lines.linewidth']=2
rcParams['lines.color']='r'
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